Famous Deaths on April 20

Avicii was a prominent Swedish DJ, remixer, and record producer who left a lasting impact on the electronic music scene. He gained fame with his hit single "Levels" in 2011 and continued to ascend with his debut album True in 2013, which was highly praised. Avicii's music fused electronic elements with various genres, resulting in international chart-topping success. His notable tracks include "Wake Me Up," "Hey Brother," and "Without You." Despite retiring from touring in 2016 for health reasons, Avicii's influence on electronic music endures.

Benny Hill, the renowned English comedian, actor, and scriptwriter, gained immense success with his iconic television show, The Benny Hill Show. His unique blend of slapstick humor, burlesque, and clever wordplay attracted a large audience in the UK and around the world, establishing him as a prominent figure in British television. In addition to television, Hill starred in notable films and received prestigious awards for his entertainment contributions, leaving behind a legacy as a talented and beloved entertainer.

Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, a middleweight boxer, was wrongfully convicted and imprisoned for murder, serving nearly 20 years before his release through a petition of habeas corpus. After his release, Carter became the executive director of the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted, later renamed Innocence Canada. His autobiography, "The Sixteenth Round," penned during his incarceration, inspired a Bob Dylan song and a film featuring Denzel Washington. The BBC produced a podcast series centered on Carter's case, drawing from interviews and case documentation.

Christopher Robin Milne was an English author known for his association with his father, author A. A. Milne, and the beloved character Christopher Robin in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories. He published several works, including an autobiography titled "The Enchanted Places," where he discussed his experiences growing up as the inspiration for the famous character. Later in his life, he owned and operated a bookshop with his wife. Despite his initial reluctance to be forever linked to the fictional character, he eventually embraced his unique place in literary history.

Bram Stoker, an Irish author, is most famous for penning the 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula. Before this, he worked as a theatre critic and wrote various stories and commentaries. Eventually, he became the personal assistant to actor Sir Henry Irving and the business manager of the Lyceum Theatre. Stoker traveled widely, finding inspiration for his novels in locations such as Cruden Bay in Scotland and Whitby in England. Dracula, his most notable work, has been widely acclaimed in English literature and has been adapted into numerous films, short stories, and plays.

Cantinflas was a celebrated Mexican comedian, actor, and filmmaker known for his iconic stage name. His unique humor, infused with Mexican linguistic nuances, endeared him to audiences. Portraying impoverished characters, Cantinflas achieved a successful film career that extended to Hollywood. He was hailed as Mexico's equivalent to Charlie Chaplin, earning global recognition for his talent. Through his cinematic work, Cantinflas played a key role in Mexico's golden era of filmmaking and made significant contributions to the country's labor politics.

Christian X reigned as King of Denmark from 1912 until his passing in 1947. He also served as King of Iceland from 1918 to 1944 as a result of the union between Denmark and Iceland. Recognized for his authoritarian nature, he prioritized the importance of royal authority and prestige. Although initially hesitant towards democratic principles, he was compelled to acknowledge the boundaries of his position during the Easter Crisis of 1920. Christian X became a revered figure of resistance amid the German occupation of Denmark.

Richard Proenneke, an American self-educated naturalist, conservationist, writer, and wildlife photographer, spent nearly thirty years living alone in the Alaskan mountains. He built his own log cabin near Twin Lakes and sustained himself through hunting, fishing, and farming. Proenneke also meticulously recorded meteorological and natural data during his time in the wilderness. His journals and films were later transformed into books and documentaries showcasing his unique lifestyle. His cabin is now a well-known attraction at Lake Clark National Park, thanks to his generous donation to the National Park Service.

Cuba Gooding Sr. was an American singer known for his success as the lead vocalist of the soul group The Main Ingredient. He achieved five top 10 hits on the Billboard charts, including the popular songs "Everybody Plays the Fool," "Just Don't Want to Be Lonely," "Happiness Is Just Around the Bend," and "Rolling Down a Mountainside." In addition to his work with The Main Ingredient, he also had a successful solo career and continued to make a mark in the music industry with his own hits.

George Clinton was a distinguished American soldier, statesman, and Democratic-Republican figure in the early years of the United States. He served as the fourth vice president of the United States and was the first governor of New York. Clinton was a key figure in the French and Indian War and later became Governor of New York where he supported the cause of independence during the Revolutionary War. He was a prominent Anti-Federalist, advocated for the Bill of Rights, and was a leader in the Democratic-Republican Party.

Don Siegel was an influential American film and television director and producer known for his tough, cynical, and action-packed films. His work often focused on individualistic loners and featured taut plots that captivated audiences. Siegel directed notable films such as Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), Dirty Harry (1971), Escape from Alcatraz (1979), and The Shootist (1976), which was John Wayne's final film. He collaborated with actors like Clint Eastwood in several successful projects, leaving a lasting impact on the film industry.

Victoria Wood was a versatile and highly accomplished English entertainer, excelling as a comedian, actress, lyricist, singer, composer, pianist, screenwriter, producer, and director. She gained widespread recognition for her witty and relatable humor, often drawing inspiration from everyday life in Britain. Beginning her career in 1974, she achieved success through various mediums including sketches, plays, musicals, films, and sitcoms. Wood was celebrated for her observational comedy and satirical take on social class, collaborating with renowned talents and earning multiple prestigious awards for her work.

Timothy Alistair Telemachus Hetherington was a renowned British photojournalist celebrated for his diverse portfolio spanning books, films, and installations. His notable achievements include co-directing the award-winning documentary Restrepo in 2010. Hetherington made significant contributions to Vanity Fair and received prestigious awards like the World Press Photo of the Year in 2008, establishing himself as a respected figure in the industry. Sadly, he lost his life while covering the Libyan civil war in 2011.

Güyük Khan, the third Khagan of the Mongol Empire, was renowned for his military skills and strategic acumen. Rising to power in 1246, he undertook conquests in Eastern Xia and Europe before ascending to the throne. Güyük implemented reforms during his short reign, including overturning unpopular decrees and overseeing a thorough census across the empire. He exerted authority in Eastern Europe by appointing influential figures such as Andrey II and Alexander Nevsky to key positions, strengthening his presence in the region.

Guy Hamilton was an accomplished English film director known for directing 22 films spanning from the 1950s to the 1980s. He is best recognized for his work directing four James Bond films. Throughout his career, Hamilton showcased his talent for creating thrilling and engaging cinematic experiences. His contributions to the film industry left a lasting impact, solidifying his reputation as a skilled director with a keen eye for storytelling and visual flair.

Paul Celan, a French poet and Holocaust survivor, is renowned for his innovative and challenging poetry, which has left a lasting impact on the literary world. He is considered a key figure in German-language literature post-World War II, known for his radical linguistic and poetic style that defies traditional norms. Celan's work is characterized by its complexity and enigmatic qualities, securing him a lasting place in the literary pantheon and highlighting his profound contributions to literature.

Jean Louis was a renowned French-American costume designer celebrated for his remarkable contributions to the film industry. His work on various films earned him widespread recognition, critical acclaim, and awards, including an Academy Award for his costume design in The Solid Gold Cadillac (1956). Known for his meticulous attention to detail and creative flair, Jean Louis collaborated with numerous filmmakers and actors, leaving a lasting impact on the world of costume design with his innovative and iconic creations.

Dwayne Alonzo "Pearl" Washington was an American professional basketball player known for his skills as a guard. Standing at 6 feet 2 inches and weighing 190 pounds, he had a successful career in the sport. Washington made a name for himself with his exceptional talent on the court, showcasing his abilities through his agility and scoring prowess. He left a lasting impact on the basketball community with his contributions to the game during his time as a professional player.

Archibald MacLeish, an American poet and writer known for modernist poetry, studied English at Yale University and law at Harvard University. He served in World War I and resided in Paris during the 1920s. From 1929 to 1938, MacLeish made significant contributions to Fortune magazine. President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him as the Librarian of Congress for a five-year term. Additionally, MacLeish was a professor at Harvard and was honored with three Pulitzer Prizes for his literary achievements.

Karl Ferdinand Braun was a prominent German electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist known for his groundbreaking contributions to the field of telecommunications. He played a pivotal role in the development of radio technology by inventing the phased array antenna, which later paved the way for radar systems, smart antennas, and MIMO technology. Braun's creation of the Cathode-ray tube was essential in the advancement of television technology. Additionally, he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his work on wireless telegraphy alongside Guglielmo Marconi. Braun's legacy includes being hailed as the "father of television" and a key figure in the development of semiconductors and radio telegraphy.

Elizabeth Barton, known as the "Holy Maid of Kent," was a nun linked to the Observant Friars of Greenwich. She became famous for prophesying against King Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and foretelling his downfall. Barton's activities led to her being convicted of treason by Parliament and subsequently hanged at Tyburn. Despite being considered a false prophet and opponent of the King, Barton is still honored by some churches and remains a topic of intrigue in historical fiction.

Magdalena Abakanowicz was a prominent Polish sculptor and fiber artist known for her innovative use of textiles in sculpture and outdoor installations. She served as a professor of studio art at the University of Fine Arts in Poznań, Poland, and as a visiting professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. Abakanowicz's career was marked by a shift towards more structured and geometric forms influenced by Constructivism. Her works, including the iconic Abakans and humanoid sculptures, explore themes of individuality and mass anonymity, reflecting her experiences under Communist rule.

Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon, also known as Lucile, was a pioneering British fashion designer in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for her innovative couture styles and contributions to the fashion industry. She introduced the "mannequin parade," a precursor to the modern fashion show, and popularized trends such as slit skirts, low necklines, and less restrictive corsets. Lady Duff-Gordon established branches of her London house in major cities worldwide, creating the first global couture brand. Her clientele included royalty, nobility, and celebrities. She notably survived the sinking of the RMS Titanic and was involved in a significant contract law case.

Tempest Storm, known as "The Queen of Exotic Dancers," was a prominent figure in American burlesque and motion pictures. Alongside other famed performers like Lili St. Cyr and Sally Rand, she rose to fame in the 1950s, continuing her successful career through the 1960s and 1970s. With a career spanning over 60 years, Tempest Storm was celebrated for her captivating performances and maintained her status as a popular exotic dancer well into the 21st century.

Giuseppe Peano, an Italian mathematician and glottologist, made significant contributions to mathematical logic and set theory. He authored numerous books and papers, notably developing the Peano axioms for natural numbers. His work greatly advanced mathematical induction and influenced the modern treatment of these concepts. Peano taught mathematics at the University of Turin and also designed an international auxiliary language, Latino sine flexione, based on Classical Latin.

Señor Wences was a celebrated Spanish ventriloquist and comedian whose career reached new heights with frequent television appearances on CBS's The Ed Sullivan Show during the 1950s and 1960s. He continued to charm audiences on The Muppet Show, gaining a whole new generation of fans. Renowned for his remarkable ventriloquism abilities and comedic flair, Señor Wences delighted crowds with his captivating performances, making a lasting mark on the world of comedy and entertainment.

Cassie Bernall, an American student, tragically lost her life in the Columbine High School massacre. Her story gained attention when it was initially reported that she affirmed her belief in God before being killed. However, further investigation revealed that it was another survivor who had answered that question. Despite the confusion, Cassie's mother shared her daughter's journey of faith and conversion in a book titled "She Said Yes: The Unlikely Martyrdom of Cassie Bernall." Cassie's story continues to inspire many with her commitment to her Christian faith.

Tul Bahadur Pun VC was a Nepalese Gurkha who served with distinction in the British and Commonwealth forces. He was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for bravery, for his gallant actions in the face of the enemy. He later rose to the rank of Honorary Lieutenant and was also decorated with 10 other medals, including the Burma Star. Pun's professional life exemplified courage, dedication, and exceptional service to his country and allies.

Lizzy Mercier Descloux was a versatile French artist celebrated for her accomplishments in music, songwriting, composition, acting, writing, and painting. Known for her unique and diverse musical style fusing punk, new wave, and world music, Descloux released numerous albums that showcased her exploration of different genres and artistic boundaries. In addition to her musical endeavors, she also engaged in acting, writing, and painting, demonstrating her wide-ranging artistic talents. Descloux's creative output remains a source of inspiration for artists in various fields.

William Burges, an English architect and designer, made significant contributions to the Gothic Revival movement by rejecting the industrialization and Neoclassical style of the 19th century. He aimed to revive the values of a utopian medieval England through his work. His notable projects include Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, and he also displayed his talents in metalwork, sculpture, furniture, and stained glass. Despite facing initial lack of recognition, Burges is now recognized for his innovative and intricate designs.

Dorothy Height was a prominent African-American civil rights and women's rights activist who dedicated her professional life to addressing issues faced by African-American women, such as unemployment, illiteracy, and voter awareness. She was a pioneer in recognizing the intersectionality of gender and race in the fight for equality. Height served as the president of the National Council of Negro Women for 40 years, advocating for the rights and empowerment of African-American women. Despite facing gender-based discrimination, she played a significant role in the civil rights movement and contributed to important bioethics research.

Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal was a prominent Mongolian politician who held key leadership roles in the Mongolian People's Republic. He served as General Secretary of the ruling party, Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural. Rising to prominence in the 1940s, Tsedenbal became premier in 1952. Throughout his tenure, he resisted de-Stalinization, maintained strong ties with the Soviet Union, and held the longest leadership tenure in modern Mongolia and the Eastern Bloc until he was expelled in 1984.

Zhengde Emperor was the 11th ruler of the Ming dynasty from 1505 to 1521. He conducted military campaigns, dealt with uprisings, and corresponded with the Malaccan government. Zhengde's reign was marred by corrupt eunuchs, particularly Liu Jin, who abused their authority. Tragically, his rule came to an untimely end due to an illness he contracted after a drunken fall into the Yellow River.

Andrew Hill was an American jazz pianist and composer known for his unique talent and contributions to the jazz world. Despite his exceptional abilities, his recognition within the industry was limited for much of his career. He recorded extensively for Blue Note Records over nearly a decade, releasing a total of twelve albums. Hill's work as a composer, pianist, and educator left a lasting impact on the jazz genre, showcasing his innovative approach and musical prowess to audiences worldwide.

Mitsumasa Yonai was a distinguished Japanese navy officer and politician known for his notable career. Rising through the ranks, he served as an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, showcasing strong leadership and strategic skills. Yonai's dedication and expertise ultimately led him to become Minister of the Navy, where he played a crucial role in shaping Japan's naval policies. His pinnacle achievement was serving as Prime Minister of Japan in 1940, highlighting his capabilities in both military and political spheres.

Prince Frederick of Prussia was a distinguished member of the German nobility who served in the German military during World War II. Following the war, he dedicated his time to various organizations and charities. Additionally, he held positions in cultural institutions, supported the arts, and had a keen interest in history and genealogy. His contributions to research in these fields played a crucial role in preserving and promoting the legacy of the Prussian royal family.

Sir Bernard Katz, a prominent British physician and biophysicist of German origin, is renowned for his groundbreaking research in nerve physiology, particularly focusing on synaptic transmission at the nerve-muscle junction. His significant contributions to the field led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970, which he shared with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler. Sir Bernard Katz was also knighted in 1969 for his remarkable achievements in the field of science. His work continues to have a lasting impact on the understanding of nerve function and communication in the human body.

Neville Wran was a notable Australian politician who served as the Premier of New South Wales from 1976 to 1986. He also held important roles within the Australian Labor Party, including national president from 1980 to 1986. Wran made significant contributions to Australian society by chairing the Lionel Murphy Foundation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1986 to 1991. His influence was felt in shaping both political and research landscapes in Australia.

Alistair MacLeod, a Canadian novelist, short story writer, and academic, was celebrated for his poignant tales set in Cape Breton Island. Known for his precise language and mastery of the short story genre, he garnered acclaim for his novel "No Great Mischief," hailed as Atlantic Canada's finest book and recipient of numerous literary accolades. MacLeod dedicated over three decades to teaching English and creative writing at the University of Windsor, all the while cherishing his deep ties to Cape Breton.

Shehu Usman dan Fodio was a prominent Fulani scholar, Islamic religious teacher, poet, revolutionary, and philosopher credited with establishing the Sokoto Caliphate. He wrote extensively on religion, government, culture, and society, producing more than a hundred books. Usman spearheaded an Islamic religious and social movement in Nigeria and Cameroon, leading a jihad against oppressive rulers and expanding the caliphate's reach in West Africa. He advocated for education and scholarship for both genders, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to be cherished.

Idriss Déby Itno was a Chadian politician and military officer who served as the 6th president of Chad for over 30 years. He played a key role in the Toyota War, leading to Chad's victory in the Libyan-Chadian conflict. After a coup against President Hissène Habré, Déby introduced a multi-party system but maintained dominance with his party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. He faced rebellions, coup attempts, and accusations of authoritarianism, corruption, and democratic backsliding during his presidency. Déby died in 2021 during the Northern Chad offensive.

Johann I Joseph served as Prince of Liechtenstein twice, from 1805 to 1806 and then again from 1814 until 1836. He was the last Liechtenstein prince to rule under the Holy Roman Empire and acted as regent of Liechtenstein during the interim period. In 1785, he joined the Freemason lodge in Vienna, indicating an interest in secret societies and esoteric knowledge. Throughout his reigns, Johann I Joseph navigated the political landscape of his time, overseeing Liechtenstein's affairs and relationships with neighboring powers.

Peter Bartholomew, a French soldier and mystic, played a vital role in the First Crusade as a member of Raymond of Saint-Gilles's army. Starting as a servant to William, Lord of Cunhlat, Peter was known for actively engaging in military campaigns and his mystic reputation. He became famous for his visions and for supposedly finding the Holy Lance, a relic seen as a significant symbol for Christian soldiers in the Crusades.

Malhar Rao Holkar was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire in India. He played a significant role in expanding Maratha rule to northern states. He was entrusted with the estate of Indore by the Peshwas under the reign of Maratha emperor Shahu I. Malhar Rao Holkar was a key figure in establishing the Holkar dynasty that ruled Malwa. His professional life was marked by leadership, strategic military acumen, and a strong commitment to advancing the Maratha Empire's influence in the region.

Monir Farmanfarmaian was an Iranian artist known for her innovative fusion of traditional Iranian geometric patterns and cut-glass mosaic techniques with modern Western geometric abstraction. She was recognized as one of the most prominent Iranian artists of the contemporary period. Farmanfarmaian's artistic practice was groundbreaking, paving the way for a unique artistic expression that bridged cultural influences. Her contributions were honored with the establishment of the Monir Museum in Tehran, Iran, dedicated to showcasing her work and legacy.

Seán Proinsias Ó Faoláin was a prominent figure in 20th-century Irish culture, known for his significant contributions as a short-story writer, commentator, and critic. With international acclaim for his literary works, he established himself as a respected voice in the literary world. Through his insightful commentary and critiques, he played a vital role in shaping the literary landscape of his time. His influence extended beyond national borders, solidifying his reputation as a key figure in the world of literature.

Tom Robson had a successful career as an American Major League Baseball player, coach, and author. He played as a first baseman and designated hitter for the Texas Rangers for two seasons. Robson also made contributions off the field as an author, writing the book "The Hitting Edge." His expertise in hitting and experience in professional baseball allowed him to share valuable insights with aspiring players looking to improve their skills. Robson's professional life was marked by his achievements both on the field and through his written work.

Rosalie Gicanda served as the Queen Dowager of Rwanda, supporting her husband, King Mutara III Rudahigwa. Following his mysterious death in 1959, she continued to reside in Butare Province, Rwanda, alongside her mother and attendants. Despite the abolition of the monarchy in 1961, she maintained her presence in Butare. Tragically, she became a victim of the Rwandan genocide, enduring a brutal end to her life. Throughout her professional life, she exemplified grace and resilience in the face of political upheaval and violence.

Charles Sumner Tainter was an American scientific instrument maker, engineer, and inventor known for his collaborations with Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, and Gardiner Hubbard. He made significant improvements to Thomas Edison's phonograph, leading to the development of the Graphophone and the first Dictaphone. Tainter later worked with the International Graphopone Company and managed his own research and development laboratory. His contributions earned him the title of the 'Father Of The Talking Machine,' recognizing him as a pioneer in the field of phonograph technology.

Pontiac, also known as Obwaandi'eyaag, was an influential Odawa war chief who led Native American tribes in an armed struggle against the British in the Great Lakes region from 1763 to 1766. He played a pivotal role in the conflict following the British victory in the French and Indian War. Pontiac's leadership and military tactics, including laying siege to Fort Detroit and defeating British detachments, were instrumental in influencing a wider movement against British policies. Despite facing challenges and eventual assassination, Pontiac remains recognized as a significant local leader with a lasting impact on Native American history.

Jean Carmet was a renowned French actor known for his versatile performances on stage and screen. He began his career in the entertainment industry during the mid-20th century and quickly established himself as a talented and respected actor. Carmet's work spanned various genres, from comedic roles to dramatic characters, showcasing his range and skill as a performer. He appeared in numerous films and theater productions, earning critical acclaim and accolades for his contributions to French cinema and the performing arts community.

Gustav Nachtigal was a German military surgeon and explorer renowned for his contributions to Central and West Africa. He held key positions as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. Nachtigal played a pivotal role in establishing Togoland and Kamerun as the German colonial empire's first colonies. His accomplishments were honored with the creation of the Gustav-Nachtigal-Medal by the Berlin Geographical Society, recognizing his dedication and impact on African exploration and colonization.

Geoff Polites was a prominent Australian businessman known for his leadership in the automotive industry. As a key executive at companies such as Ford Australia and Toyota, Polites played a significant role in shaping the automotive sector in Australia. His strategic vision and management skills contributed to the growth and success of these organizations. Polites is remembered for his contributions to business excellence and his influence on the automotive industry's development in the region.

Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour was a renowned Tunisian theologian, writer, trade unionist, and intellectual known for his significant contributions to theology and Islamic studies. He advocated for social justice and human rights and was respected for his deep understanding of Islamic jurisprudence. Ben Achour played a crucial role in fostering dialogue and mutual understanding among diverse religious and cultural communities. His work remains influential, inspiring scholars and activists and leaving a lasting imprint on Tunisian society.

Johan Henric Kellgren was a leading figure in Swedish literature in the late 18th century. He was a versatile poet, excelling in forms such as odes, satires, and epistles. Kellgren was also a notable literary critic, promoting the use of clear and straightforward language in writing. His influence within literary circles was significant, as he shaped the Swedish literary scene with his innovative ideas and critical perspectives.

Isaac Alfasi, also known as the Rif, was a prominent Maghrebi Talmudist and posek specializing in Jewish law. His significant contribution to halakhic literature is his legal code Sefer Ha-halachot, which is highly regarded as a foundational work in Jewish law. Alfasi's expertise in matters of halakha earned him a reputation as a respected decider of Jewish legal issues. His professional life was dedicated to studying, interpreting, and teaching Jewish law, leaving a lasting impact on the field of halakha.

Francis Lemarque was a celebrated French musician and singer-songwriter known for his distinctive voice and evocative songwriting. His music, which often explored themes of love, nostalgia, and social commentary, resonated deeply with audiences. Lemarque's contributions to French chanson are marked by his poetic lyrics and melodic compositions, which have earned him a lasting place in the French musical landscape. His influential work continues to be appreciated for its emotional depth and artistic integrity.

Hubert Joseph Schlafly Jr. was an American electrical engineer who co-invented the teleprompter in the 1950s, transforming television production by assisting on-camera talent with scrolling text. He co-founded the TelePrompTer Corporation, a major cable television provider, and was instrumental in advancing satellite television technology. Schlafly's achievements in the cable industry earned him inductions into the Cable Hall of Fame and two Emmy Awards. He passed away in 2011, leaving behind a significant legacy in television technology.

William Henry Holmes was a versatile professional renowned for his significant contributions in exploration, anthropology, archaeology, art, scientific illustration, and cartography. He also exhibited expertise in mountain climbing, geology, and museum curation and leadership. His career was marked by notable advancements in science and culture, making a lasting impact on anthropology, archaeology, and art.

Chauncey Jerome was an American clockmaker known for his success in the early 19th century. He built a prosperous business selling clocks, which quickly grew in popularity. Despite his initial fortune, his company faced financial troubles and ultimately failed in 1856. Jerome's career was marked by his innovative clock designs and contributions to the industry. Despite his later struggles, he left a lasting impact on the world of clockmaking during his professional life.

Hōjō Tokimune was the eighth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate, where he effectively ruled Japan. He led Japanese forces against Mongol invasions and was known for spreading Zen Buddhism. He succeeded his father as shikken and quickly rose to power, overshadowing the traditional seats of authority in Japan. Under his leadership, the Hōjō clan consolidated control, maintaining dominance over the Emperor, Imperial Regent, Imperial Chief Advisor, and the shōgun. Tokimune's professional life was defined by military prowess, political acumen, and religious influence.

Jeong Seon was a renowned Korean landscape painter known by the art names Gyeomjae and Nangok, with the ja Wonbaek. His works included ink and oriental water paintings, notably Inwangjesaekdo, Geumgang jeondo, and Ingokjeongsa, showcasing "true-view" landscapes depicting Korea's culture and history. He was considered one of the most famous Korean painters, with his realistic style capturing the geographical features of Korea in a detailed and accurate manner. Jeong Seon's professional life was marked by his significant contributions to Korean art through his landscape paintings.

Prince Henry of Prussia had a distinguished career as a naval officer in the Imperial German Navy. He rose to the rank of Grand Admiral and Generalinspekteur der Marine, showcasing strong leadership and strategic skills. His contributions played a crucial role in the operations and progress of the navy, earning him respect and recognition within the military. Prince Henry's expertise and dedication in naval affairs solidified his legacy as a key figure in Germany's naval history.

Pope Anicetus served as the bishop of Rome from around 157 until his passing in April 168. His papacy may have commenced in 153. Anicetus was known for his strong opposition to Gnosticism and Marcionism. He played a significant role in addressing the Easter controversy by hosting Polycarp of Smyrna in Rome for discussions. Throughout his professional life, Pope Anicetus demonstrated a commitment to upholding orthodox Christian teachings and fostering dialogue on important theological matters within the early Church.

Daijiro Kato, a celebrated Japanese Grand Prix motorcycle road racer, had a remarkable career marked by significant achievements. He was the 2001 250cc world champion and triumphed in the prestigious Suzuka 8 Hours race in both 2000 and 2002. Kato's exceptional talent and prowess on the track earned him high regard in the motorcycle racing community. Sadly, his professional journey was tragically shortened when he passed away due to injuries from a crash at the 2003 Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix in Suzuka Circuit, Japan.

H. G. Carrillo was an American fiction writer and academic known for his work focusing on the Cuban immigrant experience in the United States. He wrote under the pseudonym "H. G. Carrillo" and gained recognition for his novel "Loosing My Espanish" published in 2004. Carrillo served as an assistant professor of English at George Washington University and later became the chair of the PEN/Faulkner Foundation. Despite keeping his true identity hidden, his contributions to literature and academia were notable during his professional career.

Trần Văn Trà, also known as Nguyễn Chấn, was a prominent colonel-general in the People's Army of Vietnam, holding key military positions such as Commander of B2 Front and Deputy Commander of the Liberation Army of South Vietnam. He was a dedicated member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam for over two decades. Throughout his professional life, Trà demonstrated strategic military leadership and unwavering commitment to the cause of Vietnamese liberation.

Cosmo Duff-Gordon was a notable English sportsman and businessman with a strong presence in Scotland due to his land ownership. His professional endeavors were characterized by active participation in sports and notable success in the business realm. Duff-Gordon was esteemed in the social spheres of his era, particularly recognized for his sporting accomplishments. However, it was his controversial escape from the sinking RMS Titanic that ultimately brought him widespread fame.

Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn served as Minister-President of Cisleithania three times, showcasing his political acumen and leadership. He played a pivotal role in shaping governance, implementing policy reforms, and tackling societal and economic issues. His dedication to public service and commitment to progress had a lasting impact on Austria's political landscape.

Colonel Robert Livingston Stevens was an American inventor and steamship builder known for his significant contributions to the transportation industry. Serving as the president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad in the 1830s and 1840s, Stevens played a crucial role in advancing steamship technology and railroad infrastructure. His innovative work and leadership in the railroad industry led to the development of efficient transportation systems that greatly influenced the growth of commerce and travel in the United States during the 19th century.

Emeterio Gómez was a Venezuelan economist, philosopher, and university teacher with a distinguished professional career. He graduated as an economist from the Central University of Venezuela in 1965 and held a postgraduate degree in philosophy from the Simón Bolívar University. Gómez served as a tenured professor at the UCV since 1966 and was the director of social sciences at the University of Paris in 1980. Throughout his career, he wrote articles for publications like Tal Cual and authored several books on the economic history of Venezuela.

Frank R. Stockton was an American writer and humorist known for his innovative children's fairy tales popular in the late 19th century. He began his career as a wood engraver and sketch artist before transitioning to writing. Stockton published his first story in 1867 and went on to write novels, short stories, and essays for various publications. His unique storytelling style and imaginative plots earned him a reputation as a prominent figure in American literature, with his works continuing to be celebrated today.

Bertram Ross was a celebrated American dancer known for his collaborations with the Martha Graham Dance Company. He was Martha Graham's principal dance partner for a span of two decades and is recognized for creating male roles in numerous significant ballets by Graham during the 1950s and 1960s. After his time with Graham, Ross delved into teaching, choreography, and founded his own dance company. Additionally, he found success in a cabaret duo tour alongside his partner, composer, and pianist John Wallowitch.

Milovan Djilas was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist, and author recognized for his contributions to the Partisan movement during World War II and the post-war government. He was a democratic socialist who later became a key dissident in Yugoslavia and Eastern Europe. Djilas critiqued communism internally for many years to enhance it, but his perspective shifted to anti-communism following the events of 1989 and the breakup of Yugoslavia, as he grew disillusioned with his earlier ideals.

Renowned American professional wrestler Rick Rude had a successful career from 1982 to his retirement in 1994 due to injury, with a final match in 1997. During his tenure, he held numerous prestigious titles, including four world championships and the WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship. Rude also managed various wrestlers after retiring, co-founding the D-Generation X stable and making history by appearing on both WWF's Raw and WCW's Monday Nitro on the same night in 1997. He was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2017.

Steve Marriott was a prominent English musician, guitarist, singer, and songwriter known for co-founding and playing in the rock bands Small Faces and Humble Pie. He achieved fame and acclaim during his career spanning over 20 years. Marriott was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. He was recognized for his mod style icon status and drew inspiration from various influential musicians. Marriott later distanced himself from the mainstream music industry, returning to his musical roots by playing in local pubs and clubs before his untimely passing in a house fire.

Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia had a multifaceted career, encompassing her roles as a wife and mother. She played a part in significant historical events, including the downfall of the Russian monarchy in 1917, prompting her departure to the United Kingdom. Her perceptive insights and involvement in political affairs were captured in her diary and letters, shedding light on her views of her brother's rule. Today, her descendant, Alexis Romanoff, heads the Romanov Family.

Peter Carsten, a versatile German actor and film producer, was renowned for his work in over 90 films from 1953 to 1999. He excelled in supporting roles in numerous notable films such as "Dark of the Sun" (1968), "Hannibal Brooks" (1969), "Madame Bovary" (1969), "And God Said to Cain" (1970), and "Zeppelin" (1971). Carsten's career was characterized by his ability to bring depth and authenticity to his performances, significantly contributing to the success and appeal of the films he starred in.

Gersonides, also known as Levi ben Gershon, was a prominent figure in medieval France, excelling in various fields such as philosophy, Talmudic studies, mathematics, medicine, and astronomy/astrology. His expertise extended to both theoretical and practical aspects, contributing significantly to each discipline. Gersonides made notable contributions to Jewish philosophy, particularly in reconciling Aristotelian thought with Jewish theology. His works in mathematics and astronomy were highly regarded, showcasing his proficiency in both theoretical and applied sciences. Gersonides left a lasting legacy through his diverse and impactful professional endeavors.

George Ferdinand Becker was a renowned American geologist who made significant contributions to the study of ore deposits, with a focus on the western United States. His professional endeavors were dedicated to unraveling the origins and characteristics of these deposits. Becker's work led to important advancements in the field of geology, offering valuable insights that have advanced geological knowledge and exploration. His research and discoveries have left a lasting impact on the understanding of ore formations, solidifying his legacy as a prominent figure in the field.

Dennis Cleveland Stewart was an accomplished American actor and dancer, best recognized for his notable performances in iconic films such as Grease (1978), Grease 2 (1982), and Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978). With his charismatic presence and talent, Stewart captivated audiences with his on-screen charm and impressive dance skills. His contributions to the entertainment industry left a lasting impact, solidifying his reputation as a talented performer who brought joy and entertainment to countless viewers around the world.

Giuseppe Sinopoli was a prominent Italian conductor and composer celebrated for his significant contributions to the classical music world. He conducted renowned orchestras and opera houses globally, demonstrating his exceptional talent and musical expertise. Sinopoli was highly respected for his interpretations of classical and contemporary works, establishing him as a versatile and innovative musician. His legacy serves as a source of inspiration for musicians and music enthusiasts worldwide.

Cædwalla was a strategic and ambitious ruler who became King of Wessex in 685 or 686 after a period of exile. He engaged in military conquests, including defeating the South Saxons and gaining control of territories such as Sussex, the Isle of Wight, Surrey, and Kent. Cædwalla installed his brother as king of Kent but had to return to rule directly after his brother's death. He was wounded during battles and ultimately abdicated in 688 to travel to Rome for baptism, where he died shortly after.

Marjorie Gestring achieved great success as a competitive springboard diver from the United States. She made history by winning an Olympic gold medal at the age of 13, becoming the youngest person to achieve this feat at that time. Gestring went on to become a multi-time national champion and was honored with inductions into both the International Swimming Hall of Fame and the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame for her talent and dedication.

Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, was a prominent Anglo-Norman nobleman known for his key role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. He held the titles of Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland. His leadership and military prowess were crucial in the conquest of Ireland. Following the death of his son and heir Gilbert, the earldom passed to his daughter Isabel de Clare and her husband William Marshal. Richard's legacy as a skilled military leader and influential figure in medieval Ireland endures.

Carl Loewe, a German composer, tenor singer, and conductor, was celebrated for his vast repertoire of over 400 songs and ballads. Referred to as the "Schubert of North Germany," his compositions garnered admiration from contemporaries such as Hugo Wolf. While perhaps not as widely acknowledged today, Loewe's ballads and songs are occasionally performed, underscoring his significant talent and influence on German music.

Manjeet Singh Riyat was a British emergency care consultant, known for being the first person of Sikh heritage to hold such a position in the UK. Throughout his career, he made substantial contributions to the field of emergency care. Riyat's expertise and commitment were highly esteemed in the medical community. His untimely passing from COVID-19 in early 2020 received widespread media coverage in the UK, leading to conversations and inquiries into COVID-19 related fatalities among specific ethnic groups.

James Michael Curtis, known as "Mad Dog" or "the Animal," was a distinguished American professional football player in the NFL. He played for the Baltimore Colts, Seattle Seahawks, and Washington Redskins over 14 seasons, from 1965 to 1978. Curtis was a standout player, earning four Pro Bowl selections and demonstrating his skills as a pass defender and blitzer. He recorded 22½ sacks and 25 interceptions, showcasing his versatility and impact on the field. In 1970, he was honored as the AFC Defensive Player of the Year, solidifying his legacy as a top defensive player.

Vlastimil Brodský, a highly respected Czech actor, made significant contributions to postwar Czech cinema. With over one hundred films in his career, he was a key figure in the industry. Brodský excelled in diverse roles, winning the Silver Bear for Best Actor for his performance as the title character in "Jakob der Lügner." He showcased his versatility by portraying memorable characters like the king in "Arabela" and Alois Drchlík in "The Visitors." His final role as Frantisek in "Autumn Spring" earned him the prestigious Czech Lion award for best actor.

Mary McGrory was an American journalist and columnist known for her expertise in American politics. She wrote over 8,000 columns focusing on political maneuverings. McGrory was a fierce critic of the Vietnam War and was included in Richard Nixon's enemies list. She did not publish any books and made limited media or lecture appearances during her career. McGrory's detailed coverage of political events and her strong opposition to the Vietnam War solidified her reputation as a prominent figure in American journalism.

Charles Friedel was a renowned French chemist and mineralogist who made significant contributions to organic chemistry and crystallography. He worked closely with James Crafts to develop the Friedel-Crafts reaction, a crucial technique in organic synthesis. Additionally, Friedel advanced the study of minerals and their formation processes. His groundbreaking research and discoveries have left a lasting impact on the fields of chemistry and mineralogy, establishing him as a pioneering scientist in the late 19th century.

Hernando Santos Castillo, a well-known Colombian journalist and lawyer, served as the director of the newspaper El Tiempo from 1981 to 1999. He was acclaimed for his editorial leadership and his column "Detrás de las Noticias," which he wrote under the pen name "Hersán." Santos Castillo made notable contributions to journalism, influencing public discussions and offering thoughtful analyses on current events. His unwavering dedication to journalistic ethics and informing the public had a lasting influence on the media industry.

Gerard Anthony Smith was a talented American musician known for his work with the Brooklyn-based band TV on the Radio. A self-taught multi-instrumentalist, he played piano, bass, organ, classical guitar, and sitar. Smith studied fine arts and Art History before being recruited by TV on the Radio in 2003. He contributed to the band's critically acclaimed albums and also collaborated on scoring projects. Following his death from lung cancer, various musical tributes were dedicated to him, showcasing his lasting impact on the music industry.

Bob Wyatt was an English cricketer known for his determined batting and medium pace bowling skills. He played for Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and England over nearly three decades. Wyatt captained England in Test matches, including during the controversial Bodyline series in Australia. He was recognized as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1930. Wyatt had a successful first-class career, scoring over 39,000 runs and taking 901 wickets. After serving in World War II, he continued playing and captaining before retiring in 1951. He passed away at the age of 93.

Johann Christoph Denner was a German woodwind instrument maker renowned for his contributions during the Baroque era. He began his career as an instrument maker in 1678 and obtained rights for crafting French musical instruments in 1697. Denner is recognized for enhancing the chalumeau and is sometimes linked to the creation of the clarinet, though concrete evidence is scarce. Approximately sixty-eight instruments attributed to Denner have survived, some believed to be crafted in his sons' workshops. Denner's impact on the development of woodwind instruments is noteworthy.

Hans Söhnker was a prolific German film actor who had a successful career spanning nearly five decades. Known for his versatility and talent, he appeared in over 100 films from 1933 to 1980. Söhnker's performances captivated audiences with his diverse range of roles and memorable characters. His work left a lasting impact on the German film industry, establishing him as a respected and esteemed actor. Söhnker's contributions to cinema continue to be celebrated and remembered by fans and critics alike.

Alfred Cort Haddon was a highly influential British anthropologist and ethnologist known for his groundbreaking fieldwork on the Torres Strait Islands alongside other prominent scholars. His work helped establish the School of Anthropology at Christ's College, Cambridge. Haddon's collaboration with W.H.R. Rivers, C.G. Seligman, and Sidney Ray significantly impacted the field of anthropology. His 1898 publication, The Recordings of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, is considered a seminal work and was later recognized by the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia.

Henry Brandon was a prominent British journalist known for his work at The Sunday Times. He spent the majority of his career based in Washington, where he covered a wide range of topics. Brandon's reporting was highly regarded for its depth and insight, particularly in the realm of politics and international affairs. His writing style was known for its clarity and precision, making him a respected figure in the field of journalism. Throughout his career, Brandon made significant contributions to the field through his reporting and analysis.

John Henry Wigmore was an American lawyer and legal scholar renowned for his expertise in the law of evidence. He taught law at Keio University in Tokyo before becoming the first full-time dean of Northwestern Law School. His most notable work is the Treatise on the Anglo-American System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law, commonly known as Wigmore on Evidence. He also developed the Wigmore chart, a graphical analysis method. Additionally, he served as the second president of the American Association of University Professors.

Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria was a dedicated professional in the field of medicine during World War I. His work with the Red Cross led to him earning a doctorate in medicine. He provided medical care and support to those in need during the war, demonstrating his commitment to helping others. His efforts in healthcare highlighted his passion for service and his willingness to contribute to the well-being of others in times of crisis.