Famous Syrian People

Ignatius of Antioch, an early Christian writer and Patriarch of Antioch, penned a series of letters during his journey to Rome, where he later faced martyrdom. These letters, integral to the collection of works by the Apostolic Fathers, highlight Ignatius' significance alongside figures like Clement of Rome and Polycarp. His letters offer valuable insights into early Christian theology, covering topics such as ecclesiology, the sacraments, and the authority of bishops.

Zenobia ruled as queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria during the third century. Following her husband's assassination, she became regent for her son and effectively wielded power. Zenobia led a victorious campaign that expanded her empire's control over much of the Roman East, including the annexation of Egypt. Despite declaring Palmyra's independence from Rome, she was later captured by Emperor Aurelian and sent into exile in Rome.

Bashar al-Assad is a Syrian politician who has been serving as the president of Syria since July 2000. He also holds the positions of commander-in-chief of the Syrian Armed Forces and secretary-general of the Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. Bashar graduated from Damascus University's medical school and later specialized in ophthalmology in London. He entered the military academy and assumed the role of heir apparent after his brother's passing. Bashar's regime has been characterized by human rights violations, repression, and international condemnation.

John of Damascus, also known as John Damascene, was an Arab Christian monk, priest, hymnographer, and apologist renowned for his contributions to theology, philosophy, and music. He was a prolific writer known for works on the Christian faith, defense of icons, and writings on the Assumption of Mary. John is considered a Father of the Eastern Orthodox Church and a Doctor of the Church in the Catholic tradition, focusing on summarizing theological developments that preceded him.

Nizar Qabbani was a distinguished Syrian diplomat, poet, writer, and publisher renowned for his impactful contributions to Arabic literature. He is revered as Syria's National Poet and highly esteemed in the Arab world for his poetic style, which skillfully blends simplicity and elegance. Qabbani's works frequently explore themes of love, eroticism, religion, and Arab empowerment, alongside addressing topics like foreign imperialism and local dictatorship. His significant influence and compelling poetry have firmly established him as one of the most respected contemporary poets in the Arab world.

Moustapha al Akkad was a well-known Syrian-American film producer and director. He is remembered for producing the original series of Halloween films and directing acclaimed movies such as The Message and Lion of the Desert. Akkad's contributions to the film industry were highly regarded for their depth and impact. Sadly, his life was tragically cut short in the 2005 Amman bombings, leaving behind a legacy of influential cinematic works.

Asma al-Assad graduated with a bachelor's degree in computer science and French literature from King's College London. She worked in investment banking before marrying Bashar al-Assad and stepping down from her job. As the First Lady of Syria, she played a key role in establishing government initiatives for social and economic progress. Asma, together with her husband, plays a significant role in various business sectors in Syria, such as banking, telecommunications, real estate, and maritime industries. Sanctions have been placed on her due to her connections with senior Syrian government figures.

Ibn al-Nafis, known as ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Abī Ḥazm al-Qarashī, was an Arab polymath with expertise in medicine, surgery, physiology, anatomy, biology, Islamic studies, jurisprudence, and philosophy. He is famous for his pioneering research on pulmonary circulation, predating William Harvey. Through human dissections, he made significant advancements in physiology and anatomy, particularly in coronary and capillary circulations. Ibn al-Nafis was the chief physician at al-Naseri Hospital and authored more than 110 medical textbooks, earning him the title "the second Avicenna."

Jacob, later named Israel, is regarded as a patriarch in Abrahamic religions. He is a significant figure in Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam. The Book of Genesis portrays Jacob as a clever individual who secured his brother's birthright and blessings through cunning methods. He later relocated to Egypt during a drought, where his son Joseph became powerful. Jacob is known for fathering twelve sons, who went on to establish the Twelve Tribes of Israel.

Amin al-Hafiz, also known as Amin Hafez, was a Syrian general and politician associated with the Ba'ath Party. He held the position of President of Syria from July 27, 1963, to February 23, 1966. Before becoming president, al-Hafiz had a distinguished career in both military and political roles, including leading the Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate. He played a crucial role in the Ba'athist government and was actively involved in important decision-making processes during his presidency.

Asmahan, a celebrated Egyptian singer, was recognized for her exceptional voice and captivating performances in the Arab music scene. She performed compositions by esteemed composers like Mohamed El Qasabgi, Zakariyya Ahmad, Mohammed Abdel Wahab, and her brother Farid al-Atrash. Asmahan's vocal prowess rivaled that of other prominent singers of her era, including Umm Kulthum. Despite her sudden passing in a car accident, she made a lasting impression on the music industry and is fondly remembered for her distinctive artistry.

Saints Sergius and Bacchus were fourth-century Syrian Christian soldiers who served as military officers in the army of the Roman Emperor Galerius. They were highly regarded until their Christian faith was discovered, leading to their severe humiliation and punishment. Bacchus died during torture, while Sergius was eventually beheaded. Known for their close friendship and pious relationship, they were revered as martyrs and military saints by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches. Churches were built in their honor in various cities, highlighting their enduring popularity in Late Antiquity.

Muhammed Ahmed Faris was a renowned Syrian military aviator and astronaut who made history as the first Syrian and second Arab to journey into space. With exceptional skill and dedication, he excelled in both the military and space exploration fields. Faris's achievements not only brought pride to his nation but also inspired future generations of astronauts and aviators. His legacy stands as a testament to the impact of determination and passion in achieving remarkable accomplishments.

Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik served as the tenth Umayyad caliph from 724 to 743. His reign was characterized by a focus on military campaigns to expand the empire, including the conquest of Transoxiana. Hisham implemented administrative reforms to centralize power and enhance governance. He also encouraged the arts and culture, supporting poets and scholars at his court. Despite facing internal revolts and external conflicts, Hisham maintained stability and prosperity in the Umayyad Caliphate.

Ananias of Damascus was a devoted disciple of Jesus, known for his pivotal role in restoring the sight of Saul of Tarsus, who later became the prominent figure Paul the Apostle. His professional life was characterized by his commitment to the teachings of Jesus and his willingness to follow divine guidance. He demonstrated exceptional faith and courage by obeying Jesus' command to go to Saul, despite initial doubts. Ananias' actions exemplify his dedication to spreading the way of the Lord and serving as an instrument of divine intervention.

Shukri al-Quwatli played a vital role in Syria's fight for independence. He started as a dissident advocating for the unity of Arab territories under Ottoman rule, enduring imprisonment and torture. After the Kingdom of Syria was established, he transitioned to government service and co-founded the republican Independence Party. Despite a death sentence by the French, he continued his activism from Cairo, supporting the Great Syrian Revolt. Elected president in 1943, Quwatli faced political challenges, including a military coup, and later contributed to the formation of the United Arab Republic until his passing in 1967.

Maron, a 4th-century Syriac Christian hermit monk, led a religious movement that established the Maronite Church, in communion with the Holy See and the Catholic Church. Renowned for his spiritual asceticism and connection to God through nature, Maron was highly respected within Christian communities. He played a crucial role in advancing Christian missions in the region, with one of his disciples spreading Maronite Christianity in Lebanon. Portrayed in a black monastic habit with a crosier staff, Maron's feast day in the Maronite Church is February 9.

Hashim al-Atassi was a prominent Syrian nationalist and statesman who served as the President of Syria during multiple terms in the mid-20th century. He played a significant role in advocating for independence and unity in Syria. Al-Atassi's leadership during his presidential terms in 1936-1939, 1949-1951, and 1954-1955 focused on strengthening Syria's position globally and advancing its national interests.

Baibars, also known as Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari, was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria. His strategic leadership was pivotal in defeating the Seventh Crusade led by King Louis IX of France and securing a significant triumph against the Mongol army at the Battle of Ain Jalut. Under his rule, Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean flourished, ultimately leading to the eradication of Crusader influence in the Levant and consolidating the union of Egypt and Syria as a formidable Muslim power. Employing a combination of diplomacy and military might, Baibars expanded the Mamluk empire and effectively subdued formidable adversaries such as the Mongols and the kingdom of Makuria.

Sophronius, also known as Sophronius the Sophist, served as the Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his passing. Prior to his leadership role, he was a monk and theologian renowned for defending orthodox teachings concerning Jesus and his deeds. Sophronius played a crucial part in facilitating the surrender of Jerusalem to the Muslim caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches for his theological insights and diplomatic endeavors.

Abdulfattah Jandali, a Syrian immigrant and former University of Wisconsin professor, is the biological father of Apple founder Steve Jobs. Jandali met Joanne Carole Schieble, his student at the university, and she became pregnant with Steve. Due to her father's disapproval, Joanne was unable to marry Jandali and gave Steve up for adoption.

Sabbas the Sanctified, a Cappadocian Greek monk and priest, is renowned for founding numerous convents, most notably Mar Saba in Palestine. He resided primarily in Palaestina Prima, devoting his life to spiritual endeavors and tending to livestock. His work centered on religious leadership, establishing communities for religious women, and advancing monasticism in the area. Known for his revered status as a saint in the Church, Sabbas the Sanctified's name translates to "old man" in Imperial Aramaic.

Pope Gregory III was the bishop of Rome from 731 to 741. His time as pope was filled with difficulties, including dealing with Byzantine iconoclasm and the Lombard threat. Despite seeking assistance from Charles Martel against the Lombards, he was unsuccessful. Gregory III was the final pope to seek approval from the Byzantine exarch of Ravenna for his election. He was also the last pope of Syrian descent and the last non-European pope until the election of Pope Francis in 2013.

Abd al-Rahman I was the first emir of the Emirate of Córdoba, ruling from 756 to 788. He established the Umayyad dynasty in al-Andalus, breaking away from the Abbasids. Abd al-Rahman was a skilled leader who successfully governed the region for over three decades, implementing policies that promoted stability and prosperity. His leadership laid the foundation for the flourishing Caliphate of Córdoba that followed his reign. Known by the titles al-Dakhil and Saqr Quraysh, Abd al-Rahman I was a respected figure in Islamic governance.

Saint Andrew of Crete was a highly respected figure in the 8th century, known for his roles as a bishop, theologian, homilist, and hymnographer. His significant contributions to theology and religious discussions led to his esteemed status in both the Eastern Orthodoxy and the Catholic Church. He devoted his professional life to sharing the teachings of the faith through his writings, sermons, and hymns, leaving a lasting impression on the Christian community with his intellectual abilities and spiritual wisdom.

In Islam, Jacob, also known as Israil, is recognized as a pious prophet who preached monotheism, following in the footsteps of his forefathers. Mentioned in the Quran multiple times, Jacob is portrayed as a faithful leader and an integral figure in the story of his son Joseph. He is revered for upholding the oneness of God and is believed to have had twelve sons, who later became the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Jacob is seen as a significant figure in Islamic tradition, embodying principles of faith and leadership.

Jacob of Serugh, a prominent Syriac poet-theologian and ecclesiastical official from Suruç, Turkey, later served as a bishop of Batnan. Known for his moderation in Miaphysite Christianity, he was highly respected for his extensive body of work, earning nicknames like "Flute of the Holy Spirit" and "Lyre of the Believing Church." His writings, including numerous homilies, have established him as a key figure in Syriac Christian literature.

Antiochus I Soter, a Macedonian king of the Seleucid Empire, succeeded his father in 281 BC. His reign was characterized by challenges and instability, which he successfully navigated. He held the prestigious title "King of the Universe," a unique distinction among rulers. Antiochus I Soter dedicated his professional life to upholding stability and authority within the empire until his passing in 261 BC.

St. Simeon Stylites was a renowned Syrian Christian ascetic known for his extreme form of asceticism. He lived atop a pillar near Aleppo for 36 years, inspiring others with his dedication to spiritual discipline and detachment from worldly distractions. He is venerated as a saint by various Christian denominations for his exemplary life of devotion and self-denial.

Thaddeus of Edessa, also known as Addai or Mar Addai, was a prominent figure in Eastern Christian tradition. He is believed to have been one of the seventy disciples of Jesus. Thaddeus played a crucial role in spreading Christianity in the region of Edessa, where he is said to have been involved in missionary work and the establishment of Christian communities. His professional life was dedicated to preaching the teachings of Jesus and converting people to the Christian faith, leaving a lasting impact on the early Christian community in Edessa.

Ahmad Najya is a Syrian social media star recognized for his dynamic presence on platforms like TikTok and Instagram. He captivates his audience with entertaining content that includes comedic skits, dance challenges, and lifestyle vlogs that showcase his vibrant personality. Ahmad often shares insights into Syrian culture, using humor and relatability to connect with his followers. His creative approach and engaging storytelling have earned him a substantial following, making him a prominent figure in the Middle Eastern social media landscape.

Mustafa Hamsho had a successful professional boxing career from 1975 to 1989. He competed in the middleweight division and had the opportunity to challenge for the undisputed world title twice, in 1981 and 1984. Throughout his career, Hamsho demonstrated his skill and determination in the ring, earning respect and recognition within the boxing community. His performances against top opponents showcased his talent and established him as a formidable competitor in the middleweight division during the 1980s.

Muhammad al-Maghout was a renowned Syrian writer and poet celebrated for his influential contributions to Arabic literature. His works were known for their profound insights into the socio-political realities of Syria and the Arab world. Al-Maghout's writing style was distinguished by its depth, creativity, and its ability to encapsulate the essence of human experiences. Over the course of his career, he amassed a devoted following and established a lasting legacy in the literary world for his poignant storytelling and poetic expression.

Imad al-Din Zengi was a prominent Turkoman atabeg of the Seljuk Empire. He ruled over significant territories including Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and later Edessa. Zengi is recognized as the founder of the Zengid dynasty of atabegs and played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of his time. His leadership and military skills were demonstrated through successful governance and strategic conquests across different regions, leaving a lasting impact on the history of the Middle East.

Abu'l-Fida, also known as Abulfeda, was a significant figure in the Mamluk era, serving as a Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince, and local governor of Hama. He made notable contributions to geographical and historical works, offering valuable perspectives on the political and cultural contexts of his time. Abu'l-Fida's expertise in geography and history cemented his reputation as a respected authority in scholarly circles, leaving behind a lasting legacy in the field.

Publilius Syrus, a Latin writer renowned for his sententiae, was originally a Syrian slave in Rome. He impressed his master with his wit and talent, leading to his eventual freedom. He became a member of the Publilia gens and is known for his wise and concise expressions. His work has stood the test of time, showcasing his lasting influence on Roman literature.

Pope Constantine was the bishop of Rome from 25 March 708 until his passing. He was one of the last popes of the Byzantine Papacy. A notable event during his pontificate was his visit to Constantinople in 710/711, where he successfully negotiated a compromise with Emperor Justinian II concerning the Trullan canons of the Quinisext Council. This visit was a significant moment during his time as pope, as the next papal visit to Constantinople did not take place until 1967.

Al-Ma'arri, an Arab philosopher, poet, and writer from Ma'arrat al-Nu'man, Syria, was known for his insightful and unconventional views. Despite being blind from a young age, he pursued education in various cities and gained local respect for his refusal to commercialize his poetry in Baghdad. He was recognized as a "pessimistic freethinker" who challenged superstition and rigid beliefs, particularly in religious matters. Al-Ma'arri was a strong advocate for social justice, led a simple lifestyle, and followed a vegetarian diet for moral reasons. His antinatalist perspective led him to believe that preventing suffering was a valid reason to question the necessity of having children.

Mahmoud Al-Mawas is a prominent Syrian professional footballer known for his versatile skills as a winger or attacking midfielder. He currently plays for Al-Shorta in the Iraqi Premier League and represents the Syria national team. Al-Mawas made his international debut at a young age and has since made significant contributions to both his club and country. He achieved the remarkable feat of being the first non-Iraqi player to become the top scorer in the Iraqi Premier League and was also honored as the Player of the Season during his time at Al-Shorta.

Odaenathus ascended as the founder king of the Palmyrene Kingdom, elevating it from a regional hub to a powerful state in the Near East. Through strategic alliances with Rome, he showcased his military prowess by defeating the Persians and quelling rebellions. His successful campaigns led to territorial expansion, granting him control over significant regions. Despite maintaining formal ties with the Emperor, Odaenathus ruled independently, consolidating his authority by proclaiming himself "King of Kings" and appointing his son as co-king. His assassination in 267 marked the continuation of his legacy through his widow Zenobia and son Vaballathus.

Tatian of Adiabene, also known as Tatian the Syrian or Tatian the Assyrian, was a prominent 2nd-century Christian writer and theologian. His most notable work was the Diatessaron, a harmonized version of the four gospels that was widely used in Syriac-speaking churches until the 5th century. Tatian's contributions significantly influenced the understanding and spread of the gospels in the early Christian community, leaving a lasting impact on theological discussions of that era.

Wafa Sultan is a Syrian-American medical doctor, writer, and vocal critic of Islam. She is known for her strong stance on the religion, especially regarding its treatment of women and human rights. Sultan actively contributes to discussions on Islamic culture and politics, often challenging traditional beliefs and practices. Through her writings and public engagements, she advocates for reform and increased freedoms within Muslim societies, initiating debates and raising awareness on these significant matters.

Papinian, a renowned Roman jurist, served as magister libellorum, attorney general, and praetorian prefect. His expertise in law earned him the title "the Asylum of Right and Treasurer of the Laws." Alongside other prominent jurists, he was designated as one of the five authorities whose opinions were legally binding. Papinian's influence was so significant that his views were prioritized over others in legal matters. His legacy as a legal scholar continues to be revered, with some considering him the greatest lawyer of all time.

During his reign, Seleucus IV Philopator governed the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire from 187 BC to 175 BC. He oversaw a vast realm spanning Syria, Cilicia, Judea, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Media, and Persia. As ruler, he grappled with the challenge of maintaining control over his diverse territories and balancing the interests of various ethnic and cultural groups. Seleucus IV's professional life was marked by political strategies, military campaigns, and endeavors to strengthen his authority in the face of internal and external threats.

Nadine Salameh, also known as Nadeen Salameh, is a renowned Palestinian actress with a strong presence in the Syrian entertainment industry. Throughout her career, she has gained recognition for her exceptional acting skills and has become a familiar face to audiences in Syria. Salameh's work reflects her dedication to the craft and her ability to portray a diverse range of characters convincingly. With her talent and versatility, she has established herself as a respected figure in the world of acting, leaving a lasting impact on the industry.

Demetrius I Soter became ruler of the Seleucid Empire and encountered numerous obstacles to his rule. He deposed his cousin and regent to seize power, but had to contend with ongoing rebellions and competitors in order to retain control. Throughout his reign, Demetrius faced challenges from figures like Timarchus and Alexander Balas as he worked to secure and strengthen his authority over the Hellenistic realm in the midst of a turbulent era characterized by internal conflicts and external threats.

Paul Baghdadlian was a prominent figure in the Armenian music industry, known for his talents as a singer, songwriter, composer, musician, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Love Songs, he gained widespread recognition for his emotional and heartfelt music. His songs resonated deeply with Armenians, both in Armenia and within the diaspora, capturing the essence of love and longing. Paul's professional life was marked by his dedication to his craft and his ability to connect with audiences through his music.

Nadia Hijab is a respected Palestinian political analyst, author, and journalist known for her insightful commentary on human rights and the Middle East, with a particular emphasis on the Palestinian cause. Her expertise includes offering valuable perspectives on the challenges confronting Palestinians and advocating for their rights across different platforms. With a solid foundation in political analysis and journalism, Nadia Hijab has become a prominent figure in the field, making significant contributions to discussions on the region's intricate political terrain.

Demetrius II Nicator governed the Seleucid Empire in two distinct terms, separated by a period of captivity in Hyrcania. Known as "Victor," he confronted rival claimants, notably his brother Antiochus VII, during his rule. Despite facing internal challenges, Demetrius II successfully regained authority and ruled effectively in his second tenure until his passing. His reign was characterized by political maneuvering and military clashes within the empire as he worked to uphold control and stability amidst turbulent times.

Larsa Younan is a prominent Syrian model known for her striking beauty and dynamic presence in the fashion industry. With a successful career spanning various high-profile campaigns and runway shows, she has established herself as a notable figure in both local and international fashion circles. Larsa's unique style and charisma resonate with audiences, allowing her to connect deeply with her followers on social media. Beyond modeling, she is also recognized for promoting body positivity and empowerment, inspiring many aspiring models in the region.

Hafez al-Assad was a prominent Syrian leader who served as the 18th president of Syria. He came to power in 1971 after being involved in several coups. During his presidency, Assad made significant changes to the Ba'athist government by introducing a mixed economic model and enhancing foreign relations. He was known for aligning with the Soviet Union during the Cold War and positioning Syria as a supporter of the Palestinians against Israel. Assad established a one-party dictatorship with a powerful presidency and maintained control through a cult of personality.

Alexander Balas ascended to power as the ruler of the Seleucid Empire in 150 BC following a victorious civil war against King Demetrius I Soter. He solidified his authority through strategic alliances, notably by marrying Princess Cleopatra Thea of the Ptolemaic kingdom. During his reign, the empire experienced territorial losses in the east to the Parthian Empire. However, his rule was later contested by Demetrius II Nicator, leading to a civil conflict that culminated in his defeat and death in battle at the hands of Ptolemy VI Philometor's forces.

Nesreen Tafesh is a talented actress and singer known for her work in the entertainment industry. With a background in acting and music, she has gained recognition for her performances on screen and stage. Tafesh has showcased her skills in various television series and films, captivating audiences with her versatility and charisma. Her dedication to her craft and passion for storytelling have solidified her reputation as a prominent figure in the Arab entertainment scene.

Saint John Climacus was a Christian monk who lived in the 6th-7th century at the monastery on Mount Sinai. He is also known as John of the Ladder, John Scholasticus, and John Sinaites. He dedicated his life to prayer, contemplation, and spiritual writings. His most famous work is "The Ladder of Divine Ascent," which outlines the steps to achieve spiritual perfection. Saint John Climacus is revered as a saint by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church for his profound contributions to Christian spirituality.

Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator was a Hellenistic Seleucid monarch who ruled Syria from 96 to 94 BC. He engaged in a period of civil war with his father and uncle, ultimately gaining control of the capital Antioch. Known for his violent rule, Seleucus heavily taxed his dominions for war efforts and resisted granting autonomy to cities. His reign was short-lived, ending in 94 BC when he was expelled from Antioch by his cousin Antiochus X, leading to his death in Mopsuestia, likely by being burned alive during riots.

Julia Maesa was a prominent figure in the Severan dynasty of the Roman Empire, renowned for her influence during the reigns of her grandsons, emperors Elagabalus and Severus Alexander. As Augusta of the Empire, she played a crucial role in their rise to power, seeking to reclaim power after her sister's death and actively participating in the upbringing of her grandsons to become emperors. Her endeavors ultimately resulted in the restoration of the Severan dynasty to the Roman throne following the assassination of Caracalla.

Pope Anicetus served as the bishop of Rome from around 157 until his passing in April 168. Anicetus was known for opposing Gnosticism and Marcionism and played a key role in addressing the Easter controversy by hosting discussions with Polycarp of Smyrna in Rome. Throughout his papacy, Anicetus showed dedication to upholding orthodox Christian teachings and encouraging dialogue on important theological issues within the early Church.

George Howie was a renowned American racing driver celebrated for his exceptional abilities on the track. Over the course of his career, he engaged in multiple racing events, demonstrating his talent and drive to excel in the challenging realm of motorsports. Known for his speed, precision, and strategic racing approaches, he gained a reputation that was admired by fans and peers. Howie's legacy as a skilled and respected racer continues to influence the motorsports community.

Yazid II, the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruled from 680 to 683. His caliphate was marked by the death of Husayn ibn Ali, leading to the Second Fitna. He conducted campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, including an attack on Constantinople. Yazid faced opposition from Muslim leaders and suppressed revolts in Mecca and Medina. He maintained his father's decentralized governance approach, focusing on provincial governors and tribal nobility. Despite criticism for hereditary succession, some historians consider him a capable ruler.

Damascius, the last leader of the neoplatonic Athenian school, continued to uphold and expand upon the teachings of Plato through his professional contributions. Notable works include three commentaries on Plato's writings and a metaphysical text titled Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles. After the closure of the school under Emperor Justinian I's laws, Damascius temporarily left Athens, potentially seeking refuge with the Persian King Chrosroes before eventually returning to the Byzantine Empire.

Theophilus of Antioch was the Patriarch of Antioch from around 169 to 182, succeeding Eros and being followed by Maximus I around 183. His writings, especially his apology to Autolycus, showcase his conversion from paganism to Christianity through the study of the Holy Scriptures. He was recognized for his fervor in defending the Christian faith against heretics, including Marcion, and he made significant contributions to Christian literature, polemics, exegetics, and apologetics, establishing himself as a prominent figure in the early Church.

Feras Antoon is a well-known personality in the adult entertainment industry, notable for being the co-owner and CEO of Aylo, a prominent player in the pornography sector. He is acknowledged for his role in the launch of popular websites like YouPorn and Pornhub. Antoon began his industry journey by establishing his first porn website in the early 2000s. He later co-established Brazzers, with a focus on the MILF genre, and eventually acquired Manwin (MindGeek, Aylo) in collaboration with David Tassillo.

Bilal ibn Rabah, a notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, was the first mu'azzin in history, chosen by Muhammad to call people to prayer. Bilal dedicated his professional life to serving Islam through his role as a mu'azzin and was known for his powerful and melodic voice that inspired and guided others in their prayers. His impactful contributions to the early Muslim community solidified his legacy as a respected figure in Islamic history.

Ben-Hadad I ruled Aram-Damascus from 885 BCE to 865 BCE. He was a contemporary of Kings Baasha of Israel and Asa of Judah. Ben-Hadad I allied with Asa to attack northern Israel, capturing strategic towns and controlling the trade route to southern Phoenicia. His reign involved territorial acquisitions and conflicts with neighboring kingdoms, showcasing his historical significance and influence in the region. The Melqart stele is one example of an archaeological artifact that highlights Ben-Hadad I's role during this period.

Michel Aflaq, a Syrian philosopher and sociologist, was a prominent figure in the development of Ba'athism. He co-founded the Arab Ba'ath Movement with Salah al-Din al-Bitar in 1940, which later transformed into the Arab Ba'ath Party. Aflaq was instrumental in advocating for Arab unity, promoting socialism with Arab characteristics, and supporting secularization within the party. He served as the Secretary General of the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party from 1968 until his passing in 1989.

Gregory Bar Hebraeus, also known as Barebraya or Abu'l-Faraj, was a distinguished Maphrian of the Syriac Orthodox Church. He was a prolific writer who made significant contributions to various fields such as Christian theology, philosophy, history, linguistics, and poetry. His works, written in Classical Syriac and Arabic, covered a wide range of subjects like theology, philosophy, science, and history. Bar Hebraeus was highly respected for his extensive knowledge and writing skills, being considered one of the most knowledgeable writers among Syriac Orthodox Christians.

Najwa Ghanem, also known as Najwa bin Laden, has been involved in various charitable and philanthropic endeavors, focusing on humanitarian causes and community development. She has worked to support education, healthcare, and social welfare initiatives in the Middle East region. Additionally, she has been an advocate for women's empowerment and has been active in promoting initiatives that aim to improve the lives of marginalized communities. Through her work, Najwa bin Laden has demonstrated a commitment to making a positive impact on society.

Ibn Kathir was a respected Arab Islamic scholar known for his expertise in Qur'anic exegesis, history, and jurisprudence. His works, including the comprehensive historical account al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya and the renowned Tafsir Ibn Kathir, showcase his critical approach to interpreting Islamic texts. Influenced by notable figures like al-Dhahabi and Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Kathir's methodology, rooted in the Athari school of Islamic theology, set him apart as a leading authority on Sunni Islam. His contributions continue to be valued by scholars and practitioners within the Muslim community.

Salah Jadid, a Syrian military officer and politician, led the left-wing faction of the Ba'ath Party in Syria. From 1966 to 1970, he held a position of power as the de facto leader of the country. Jadid played a key role in implementing socialist policies and promoting Arab unity. Despite his efforts, he was removed from power by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement in 1970, bringing an end to his political career in Syria.

Iamblichus was a prominent Syrian neoplatonic philosopher known for shaping the direction of neoplatonism. He gained recognition as the biographer of the renowned Greek mystic, philosopher, and mathematician Pythagoras. His work, including the Protrepticus, made significant contributions to philosophy and the study of sophists. Notably, the preservation of writings attributed to the Anonymus Iamblichi in the Protrepticus added to his scholarly reputation. Overall, Iamblichus's professional life was marked by his influential philosophical works and his role in preserving important texts.

Dündar Ali Osman, known as Şehzade Dündar Ali Osman Osmanoğlu Efendi, served as the 45th Head of the House of Osman, the ruling family of the Ottoman Empire. He fulfilled important duties in preserving the historical legacy of the Ottoman dynasty, upholding its traditions and historical ties. Dündar Ali Osman made a notable contribution to safeguarding the cultural heritage and historical importance of the Ottoman family, ensuring its enduring legacy post the dissolution of the Sultanate.

Abu Tammam, also known as Ḥabīb ibn Aws al-Ṭā’ī, was an influential Arab poet and Muslim convert. He gained fame for his 9th-century compilation of early poems called the Hamasah, considered a significant anthology in Arabic literature. Abu Tammam traveled extensively seeking patronage and gained admirers by praising officials. He eventually found support from the caliph al-Mu'tasim and lived in Baghdad at the caliph's court. Abu Tammam's poems were highly regarded for their style, verse merit, and treatment of subjects, reflecting a break from traditional Arab poetry concepts.

Julia Avita Mamaea was a Christian Syrian noblewoman belonging to the Severan dynasty. She played a prominent role as a chief advisor to her son, Roman emperor Alexander Severus, during his reign. Her professional life was marked by her active involvement in advising and guiding her son in matters of governance and decision-making. Julia Avita Mamaea's influence and counsel were valued by Alexander Severus, showcasing her strategic acumen and political acuity in the imperial court.

Narin Ammara is a popular Syrian YouTuber celebrated for her engaging content that includes beauty tutorials, fashion hauls, and lifestyle vlogs. With a charming personality and relatable storytelling, she connects with her audience by sharing her experiences and insights into everyday life. Narin’s channel showcases her unique style and creativity, often highlighting aspects of Syrian culture. Her authenticity and ability to resonate with viewers have garnered her a substantial following, making her a prominent figure in the Middle Eastern social media landscape.

Ibn al-Ash'ath was a prominent Arab nobleman and military commander during the Umayyad Caliphate. He played a role in the Second Fitna and served as governor of Rayy. Appointed by al-Hajjaj as commander of the "Peacock Army" to subdue Zabulistan, he led a rebellion against al-Hajjaj due to overbearing behavior. The revolt gained support from discontented groups, leading to the Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim, where the rebels were defeated. The suppression of his revolt marked the end of the tribal nobility's power in Iraq under direct Umayyad control.

Heliodorus of Emesa is renowned for his ancient Greek novel, The Aethiopica, which had a lasting impact on Byzantine Greeks and writers across Europe. The novel was even adapted into an opera with music by Henri Desmarets. Heliodorus's significant contribution to literature through this influential work transcended cultural boundaries and inspired artistic adaptations.

Omar Bakri Muhammad is a Syrian Islamist militant leader who has been associated with various Islamist organizations, including Hizb ut-Tahrir and Al-Muhajiroun. He is known for his extreme views and statements, which have included threats of violence against the West. Bakri gained notoriety in the UK media and was linked to al-Qaeda. His group was connected to terrorism following the London bombings in 2005. Bakri was sentenced to prison in Lebanon for acts of terrorism and was released in 2023.

Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, a Syrian author and Pan-Arab solidarity supporter, was a prominent intellectual known for his influential writings on Islamic identity and Pan-Arabism. Criticizing the Ottoman Empire, he advocated for Arab sovereignty, laying the foundation for Pan-Arab nationalism. His significant works, including "The Nature of Tyranny and the Struggle Against Slavery" and "Mother of All Villages," continue to shape discussions on these topics. Al-Kawakibi's professional life was marked by his commitment to advocating for Arab independence and challenging oppressive systems.

Akram Al-Hourani was a Syrian politician known for his influential role in Syrian politics during the democratic era of the 1950s. He founded and headed the Arab Socialist Party, implementing substantial reforms to promote social justice, especially in agriculture and land distribution. Al-Hourani served in important government roles such as member of parliament, parliament head, minister of agriculture, minister of defense, and vice-president of the United Arab Republic.

Numerian and his brother Carinus jointly served as Roman emperors from 283 to 284. Numerian's professional background included his father Carus's appointment as praetorian prefect under Emperor Probus in 282. Being the son of a renowned general, Numerian probably underwent thorough education and military preparation, equipping him for his eventual position as co-emperor. Unfortunately, Numerian's reign was cut short by his unexpected death in November 284, resulting in Carinus assuming sole leadership.

Rifaat Ali al-Assad played a key role in ground operations during the 1982 Hama massacre in Syria. Following an unsuccessful coup attempt against the President in 1984, he was exiled to France for 36 years. In October 2021, he returned to Syria after being convicted in France for misappropriating funds from the Syrian state. In 2023, Switzerland issued an international arrest warrant for his extradition to face charges related to his alleged involvement in the Hama Massacre.

Khalid Bakdash was a notable Syrian politician who founded and led the Syrian Communist Party (SCP) from 1936 until his passing in 1995. In 1954, he made history by being the first communist party member elected to an Arab parliament. Bakdash was recognized as the "dean of Arab communism" for his significant contributions to the movement, leaving a lasting impact on the political landscape of the region.

Pacorus I was a Parthian prince who played a key role in the Parthian efforts to expand their territories in Western Asia. He led Parthian forces in battles against the Romans, including the Battle of Carrhae. Pacorus met his end at the Battle of Mount Gindarus, where he was defeated and killed by Publius Ventidius Bassus. His death led to a succession crisis within the Parthian royal family.

Al-Buḥturī, a renowned Arab poet from Syria, gained recognition from authorities in Ma'arrat an-Nu'man after visiting Abū Tammām in Homs. He later moved to Baghdād, where he composed poems praising the caliph and court members. Despite residing in Baghdād, he often expressed admiration for Aleppo in his poetry, especially in his verses dedicated to Aiwa. Known for his classical style and panegyrics, Al-Buḥturī earned a living through his poetry and became famous as a skilled panegyrist.

Mu'awiya II briefly served as the third Umayyad caliph, succeeding his father Yazid I. He ruled for less than a year in 683–684 (64 AH) as the last caliph of the Sufyanid line in the Umayyad dynasty. During his short reign, he faced the challenges of governance as the ruler of the Umayyad Caliphate.

Karnig Sarkissian is a prominent Armenian-American singer known for his passionate performances of Armenian patriotic and revolutionary songs. Originating from Aleppo, Syria, he has had a profound influence on the Armenian diaspora community. With a close connection to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF), Sarkissian's music strikes a chord with listeners, stirring feelings of national pride and solidarity. Throughout his career, he has been committed to safeguarding and advancing Armenian cultural traditions through his heartfelt music and steadfast advocacy for his community's interests.

Saadallah Wannous was a renowned Syrian playwright, writer, and editor recognized for his influence on Arabic theater. He studied journalism in Cairo and held editorial roles at prominent newspapers. Wannous later became the director of the music and theater department at the Ministry for Culture and National Guidance in Syria. His playwriting career began in the early Sixties, exploring themes around the individual's interaction with society and authorities. Wannous pursued further theater studies in Paris, where he encountered diverse European theater movements.

Jacob of Edessa was a prominent Bishop of Edessa and a respected Syriac Christian writer acclaimed for his mastery of the Classical Syriac language. He is noted for his early contributions to Syriac grammar and his substantial impact on theology, liturgy, canon law, philosophy, and history. His works were instrumental in advancing scholarly and literary pursuits within Syriac Christianity, establishing him as a leading figure in the Christian-Aramean tradition.

John Moschus was a Byzantine monk and ascetical writer of Georgian origin. He is best known for his work, the Spiritual Meadow, which provides insight into his spiritual teachings and experiences. His professional life revolved around promoting asceticism and monasticism through his writings, which were highly influential in the Byzantine Christian world. Alongside the Bibliotheca of Photios, the Spiritual Meadow serves as a key source of information about his life and work as a monk and spiritual writer.

Dima Khatib is a prominent Syrian-born journalist, poet, and translator recognized for her significant impact on the media industry. Currently serving as the managing director of AJ+, a well-regarded digital news service under the Al Jazeera Media Network, she leads operations in English, Arabic, and Spanish from San Francisco, USA. Khatib stands out as the only female executive director within the Al Jazeera group, underscoring her influential role in the Arab media sphere. Her career reflects a strong dedication to excellence and a commitment to advancing opportunities for women in journalism.

Callinicus of Heliopolis was a Byzantine architect and chemist credited with inventing Greek fire, a powerful naval weapon resembling a flamethrower. He shared his knowledge of liquid fire with the Byzantines during the time of Constantine IV. His exact formula for Greek fire was a closely guarded secret and remains unknown to this day. Possible ingredients in his formula included resin, asphalt, sulfur, naphtha, quicklime, and calcium phosphide. Callinicus' contributions revolutionized warfare and naval tactics in the Byzantine Empire.

Omar Abu Risha was a notable Syrian ambassador and writer who made significant contributions to the field of poetry. He was recognized for his exceptional poetic works and represented his country with honor in his diplomatic role. Abu Risha's dedication to excellence in both his literary and diplomatic endeavors left a lasting impact on cultural and diplomatic circles.

Aëtius of Antioch, known as "the Atheist" by his opponents, was a notable figure in the 4th century. He founded Anomoeanism and hailed from Coele-Syria. Aëtius was a key player in theological debates, particularly against trinitarian beliefs. His professional life was marked by his teachings and writings that challenged mainstream Christian doctrines, leading to his reputation as a controversial and influential thinker in the early Christian church.

Mahmoud Al-Zoubi was the Prime Minister of Syria from November 1987 to March 2000, serving in this role for over a decade. His leadership was characterized by navigating complex political landscapes and addressing challenges facing Syria. Al-Zoubi played a significant role in shaping the country's direction and policies during his tenure, leaving a lasting impact on its political history.

Al-Walid II, the eleventh Umayyad caliph, came to power after his uncle, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. His reign from 743 to 744 was marked by challenges, opposition, and political instability within the caliphate. Al-Walid II faced unrest among the people and struggled to maintain control. His rule ultimately ended in assassination, illustrating the turbulent nature of his professional life as a caliph.

Mustafa Naima was an Ottoman bureaucrat and historian known for writing the Tārīḫ-i Na'īmā (Naima's History), which is considered a significant chronicle of the Ottoman Empire. He is recognized as one of the earliest official historians of the empire, laying the foundation for future historians. Despite the lack of a formal office during his tenure, Naima's works were highly regarded and provided valuable insights into the political and social developments of the time. His contributions to Ottoman historiography remain influential to this day.

Abhdisho bar Berikha was a distinguished Syriac writer and the first bishop of Shiggar. He is renowned for his authorship of the Marganitha, a significant ecclesiastical text in the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East. Throughout his career, Abhdisho bar Berikha devoted himself to religious scholarship and leadership, influencing theological discussions of his era. His works and contributions to the church remain highly respected and are valued for their deep understanding of Christian doctrine and spirituality.

Jacob Safra was a Syrian banker who founded Banco Jacob E. Safra in Beirut in the 1920s. The bank catered to wealthy Sephardic Jewish families in Syria and Lebanon, providing services to agricultural, precious metal, and merchant traders. Safra's legacy continued with the bank's transformation into Banque de crédit national S.A.L. (BCN), becoming one of Lebanon's oldest banks.

Khālid ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Qasrī was an Arab who served as a governor for the Umayyad Caliphate in Mecca and Iraq during the 8th century. He held a crucial position as the governor of Iraq from 724 to 738, overseeing the eastern Caliphate during the reign of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. Notable for supporting the Yaman tribes in their conflict with the Qays, he faced imprisonment and torture before his death by his successor, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi.

Celadet Elî Bedirxan, also known as Mîr Celadet, was a prominent Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist, and political activist. He earned a master's degree in law from Istanbul University and furthered his studies in Munich. Proficient in Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian, and French, he made significant contributions to the Kurdish nationalist movement by establishing the Xoybûn committee during a Kurdish conference in Beirut. Celadet is celebrated for his groundbreaking efforts in structuring the grammar of the modern Northern Kurdish language and creating the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which later became the standard alphabet for Kurmanji and other Kurdish dialects, supplanting previous Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based, and Armenian-based scripts.