José Mujica Biography

(Former President of Uruguay)

Birthday: May 20, 1935 (Taurus)

Born In: Montevideo, Uruguay

José Mujica was the President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. Growing up in a poor and remote area of his native country, he faced a difficult start in life. When his father died—reportedly due to health issues exacerbated by financial hardship—José was compelled to help his family survive. He carried this resilience with him when he joined the Tupamaros, an armed leftist guerrilla group inspired by the Cuban Revolution. Living and training in the jungle, the group was determined to overthrow Uruguay’s authoritarian regime. After a series of bold operations, Mujica and other members were captured and sentenced to long prison terms. Mujica endured nearly 15 years in prison, much of it in harsh conditions and solitary confinement, until his release in 1985, following the return of democracy in Uruguay. Choosing a new path, he entered politics through the Broad Front coalition. He served as Minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries before running for president. Known for his humility and progressive ideals, Mujica won the presidency in 2009. During his tenure, he implemented significant social reforms, including legalizing same-sex marriage, abortion, and the regulated sale of marijuana, making Uruguay a regional pioneer in progressive policymaking. His leadership and alliances with like-minded nations strengthened Uruguay’s influence in Latin America. After serving a full five-year term, Mujica stepped down in 2015, as Uruguay's constitution prohibits immediate re-election. He returned to a modest lifestyle, living on his small farm and continuing to be admired for his integrity, frugality, and commitment to social justice. Mujica passed away on May 13, 2025, just one week before his 90th birthday, at his farmhouse in Rincón del Cerro, located on the outskirts of Montevideo.

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Quick Facts

Also Known As: Jose Mujica, José Alberto Mujica Cordano

Died At Age: 90

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Lucía Topolansky

father: Demetrio Mujica

mother: Lucy Cordano

Born Country: Uruguay

Presidents Political Leaders

Died on: June 13, 2025

place of death: Montevideo, Uruguay

City: Montevideo, Uruguay

  • 1

    Where was José Mujica from?

    José Mujica was from Uruguay.

  • 2

    What political party did José Mujica belonged to?

    José Mujica belonged to the Frente Amplio political party.

  • 3

    What policies was José Mujica known for?

    José Mujica was known for his policies promoting social equality, environmental sustainability, and simplicity in lifestyle.

  • 4

    What was José Mujica's stance on cannabis legalization?

    José Mujica legalized the production, distribution, and consumption of cannabis in Uruguay during his presidency.

  • 5

    How did José Mujica become known as

    José Mujica gained this title for his humble lifestyle, donating most of his salary to charity, living in a simple farmhouse, and driving an old car.

Childhood & Early Life

José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano was born on May 20, 1935, in Montevideo, Uruguay. His father, Demetrio Mujica, was a Basque and his mother, Lucy Cordano, a descendent of Italian immigrants.

When Jose was 5 years old, his father went bankrupt. A few months later he died, leaving the family in dire straits. Alberto was forced to work delivering goods for a local bakery.
Jose was an avid cyclist when he was a teenager. He raced for several different bicycle clubs.
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Career
In 1966, Mujica joined the MLN-Tumpamaros, an armed revolutionary group. Three years later, he led a squad of MLN guerillas in the mission to take over the city of Pando.
In 1970, he was shot six times by police. He was expected to die in the hospital but made a miraculous recovery.
In 1971, he was arrested for his involvement in revolutionary activities but escaped from prison. He was quickly re-arrested but managed to escape again the following year.
Mujica spent the next 13 years in prison. While imprisoned he faced numerous atrocities and at one point he was held in a watering trough. He also spent several years in solitary confinement.
In 1985, a new amnesty law freed thousands of prisoners. Mujica was among the liberated prisoners.
In 1989, he founded the ‘Movement of Popular Participation’ (MPP) political party. He soon rose through the ranks.
In 1994, he successfully stood for election as a deputy. He was just one of two MPP members to win their election. Five years later, was successfully elected as a senator.
In 2004, Mujica's MPP party became the most powerful party in the country. This helped boost his successful re-election bid as senator.
In 2005, he was appointed as the Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries. Accepting the cabinet position meant resigning from the senate. Later in the same year, he married Lucia Topolansky, a fellow Aymara.
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In 2008, the ‘Broad Front’, a coalition of several political parties, agreed on Mujica as their candidate for president.
In 2009, he was elected as president after winning a run-off election. The following year, he settled a long running dispute between Argentina and Uruguay over a key river.
In 2011, he became ‘president pro tempore’ of the Mercosur trading bloc. He served for one year.
In 2012, he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. At the end of the year, he began another term as ‘president pro tempore’ of Mercosur.
In 2013, his government formally legalized state-controlled sales of marijuana. Same-sex marriage was also legalized at this time.
Mujica served as the ‘president pro tempore’ of the ‘Union of South American Nations’. He served from December 4, 2014 to March 1, 2015
On March 1, 2015, Mujica's term in office came to an end. He has now retired to private live where he plans to grow chrysanthemums.
Awards & Achievements
On August 16, 2010, he was awarded the ‘Grand Collar of the National Order of Merit’, the highest order of merit in Paraguay.
On January 25, 2011, he was conferred upon the ‘Grand Collar of the Order of the Sun’, the highest order of merit in Peru.
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On January 28, 2014, Mujica was awarded the ‘Order of the Aztec Eagle’, the highest award in Mexico.
On December 4, 2014, El Pepe was awarded the ‘National Order of San Lorenzo’, the highest award in Ecuador.
Personal Life & Legacy

Jose was married to Lucia Topolansky. They had no children. The humble politician was known for his simple lifestyle and donated 90% of his Presidential salary to the needy. He had also refused to live in the presidential palace, preferring his humble farm instead.

In April 2024, José Mujica publicly revealed that he had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer, which had been detected during a routine physical examination. By January 2025, he disclosed in an interview with Búsqueda that the cancer had metastasized to his liver and acknowledged that he was nearing the end of his life. He further stated that he had chosen to discontinue medical treatment.

On May 12, 2025, his wife, Lucía Topolansky, confirmed that Mujica was in a terminal stage and had been placed under hospice care. He passed away the following day, on May 13, 2025, just one week before his 90th birthday, at his farmhouse in Rincón del Cerro, on the outskirts of Montevideo.

Facts About José Mujica

José Mujica, the former President of Uruguay, was known for his humble lifestyle despite holding a powerful political position. He lived on a modest farm rather than in the presidential palace and donated much of his salary to charity.

Mujica was also recognized for his progressive policies, including the legalization of same-sex marriage and marijuana. He was seen as a trailblazer in promoting social equality and individual freedoms.

In addition to his political career, Mujica was a published author and had written several books on topics such as politics, philosophy, and personal reflections.

Mujica was often referred to as the "world's humblest president" due to his down-to-earth demeanor and simple way of living. He was admired for his authenticity and commitment to serving the people of Uruguay.

See the events in life of José Mujica in Chronological Order

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- José Mujica Biography
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