Famous Deaths on November 12

Stan Lee, the influential American comic book writer, editor, publisher, and producer, is best known for his groundbreaking work at Marvel Comics. Serving as Marvel's primary creative leader for two decades, he played a pivotal role in co-creating iconic characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, and Iron Man, among others, which revolutionized the superhero genre. Lee's innovative approach challenged industry norms and led to significant changes within the Comics Code Authority. Even after retiring from Marvel, he maintained a prominent public presence as the face of the company, making memorable cameo appearances in Marvel-based films and TV shows. Throughout his career, Lee received numerous awards and honors in recognition of his immense impact on the comic book industry.

Jonathan Brandis was an American actor who began his career as a child model before transitioning to acting in commercials. He made his acting debut in 1982 on the soap opera One Life to Live. Brandis gained recognition for his roles in the television miniseries It and The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter. In 1993, he landed a prominent role as Lucas Wolenczak on the NBC series seaQuest DSV, where he garnered a following among teenage viewers. Brandis tragically died by suicide in 2003.

William Holden was a highly successful American actor known for his talents on both the big and small screens. He achieved critical acclaim and commercial success with his roles in iconic films such as Sunset Boulevard, Stalag 17, and The Bridge on the River Kwai. Holden's versatility was evident in his diverse roles, ranging from romantic leads to complex anti-heroes. He was recognized with prestigious awards, including an Academy Award and a Primetime Emmy Award, solidifying his status as one of Hollywood's top leading men.

Wilma Glodean Rudolph, an American sprinter, triumphed over childhood polio to become an Olympic champion and global sports icon. She earned a bronze medal in the 4 × 100-meter relay at the 1956 Summer Olympics and secured three gold medals at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Rudolph was widely recognized as the fastest woman in the world during the 1960s and was a prominent figure for black women in America and beyond. Following her retirement from competition, she continued to make an impact as an educator and coach, leaving a lasting legacy as a world record-holder.

Eve Arden was a versatile American actress who enjoyed a successful career in film, radio, stage, and television spanning nearly six decades. Known for her wit and refinement, she excelled in both leading and supporting roles. Arden's film credits include notable performances in dramas like "Mildred Pierce" and film noirs such as "The Unfaithful" and "Anatomy of a Murder." Transitioning to television, she achieved acclaim for her role in "Our Miss Brooks" and appeared in popular shows like "Bewitched." Arden's talent and versatility earned her critical acclaim and accolades, including an Academy Award nomination and a Primetime Emmy Award.

Sergio Oliva, also known as The Myth, was a celebrated Cuban-American bodybuilder who experienced significant success in his professional career. He became a three-time Mr. Olympia champion, impressing audiences with his exceptional physique and performances on the bodybuilding stage. Oliva's unwavering dedication and pursuit of excellence established him as a highly influential figure in the bodybuilding community, inspiring countless aspiring athletes in the industry today.

Robert Stephens was a prominent English actor known for his significant contributions to the Royal National Theatre in Britain. Considered one of the most esteemed actors of his time, he was often seen as a potential heir to the legendary Laurence Olivier. His career was marked by exceptional performances and a strong presence on stage, earning him a reputation for excellence in his craft. Stephens' professional life was characterized by a dedication to his art and a legacy of outstanding theatrical achievements.

Mrs. Gaskell, an accomplished English novelist, biographer, and short story writer, depicted various strata of Victorian society in her works, with a focus on the lives of the very poor. Her debut novel, "Mary Barton," published in 1848, brought her recognition. She also wrote the first biography of Charlotte Brontë, offering a selective portrayal of Brontë's life. Some of her best-known novels, such as "Cranford," "North and South," and "Wives and Daughters," have been adapted for television by the BBC.

Liu Shaoqi was a prominent Chinese revolutionary and politician who held key positions within the Chinese Communist Party and government. He played significant roles in labor movements, anti-Japanese resistance, and economic policies. Liu was considered a potential successor to Mao Zedong and became the head of state of the People's Republic of China. However, he was later purged during the Cultural Revolution, labeled a traitor, and died in prison. Liu was posthumously rehabilitated in 1980 by Deng Xiaoping's government.

H. R. Haldeman was a notable American political aide and businessman recognized for his position as White House Chief of Staff during President Richard Nixon's administration. He started his career in advertising, holding executive roles in Los Angeles and New York City. Haldeman's political inclination led him to contribute to numerous political campaigns, culminating in his appointment as Nixon's chief of staff. He instituted substantial alterations to White House operations and staffing procedures, influencing contemporary presidential administration protocols. Following his implication in the Watergate scandal, he transitioned back to private business.

Warren Clarke was an accomplished English actor known for his versatile performances in both film and television. He gained recognition for his role as Dim in Stanley Kubrick's iconic film A Clockwork Orange. Throughout his career, Clarke appeared in numerous films and television series, showcasing his talent and range as an actor. Some of his notable television roles include Detective Superintendent Andy Dalziel in Dalziel and Pascoe, as well as appearances in The Manageress and Sleepers. Clarke's contributions to the entertainment industry were highly regarded and left a lasting impact.

Cnut, also known as Canute the Great, was a formidable ruler who became King of England in 1016, King of Denmark in 1018, and King of Norway in 1028. He united these three kingdoms under his rule, establishing the North Sea Empire. Cnut emphasized strengthening cultural ties between Danes and English and extended his influence over Scotland and the Norse-Gaels. He held considerable sway within the Catholic Church, gaining respect and influence among the nobility of Christendom.

Penny Singleton was an American actress and labor leader known for her portrayal of Blondie Bumstead in a series of motion pictures and on radio. She also provided the voice of Jane Jetson in The Jetsons animated series. Behind the scenes, Singleton made history as the first woman to lead an AFL-CIO union and served as president of the American Guild of Variety Artists. She advocated for the fair treatment of women workers in the entertainment industry and led a strike of the Radio City Rockettes.

Ira Levin was a highly productive American writer, celebrated for his engaging novels, plays, and songs. Some of his most famous works include A Kiss Before Dying, Rosemary's Baby, The Stepford Wives, This Perfect Day, The Boys from Brazil, and Sliver. His talent also shone on stage with the successful play Deathtrap. Many of Levin's works have been adapted into popular movies, demonstrating his wide range and lasting popularity. Throughout his career, he received prestigious awards such as the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award and multiple Edgar Awards, establishing himself as a respected and influential figure in the literary realm.

Henry Norman Bethune, a Canadian thoracic surgeon, was renowned for his advocacy of socialized medicine. His notable service in the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War included pioneering a mobile blood-transfusion service for frontline operations in Spain and introducing modern medicine to rural China. Bethune's commitment to the Communist Party of Canada and the Chinese Communist Party's Eighth Route Army garnered him respect, with Mao Zedong delivering a eulogy upon his passing. In China, Bethune is remembered for his significant contributions to medicine and humanitarian endeavors.

Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, was an accomplished English politician and general who served as Parliamentary commander-in-chief during the English Civil War. He demonstrated exceptional leadership and military prowess, leading Parliament to several victories, including the significant Battle of Naseby. Despite his achievements, Fairfax was eventually overshadowed by Oliver Cromwell due to political maneuvering. Fairfax's disagreements with Cromwell's policies led to his resignation, allowing Cromwell to assume control. Fairfax's honorable conduct in battle and involvement in the Restoration of the monarchy spared him from retribution.

David Gene Pearson was a highly successful American stock car driver in the NASCAR Grand National and Winston Cup Series. He achieved three Cup Series championships and maintained a perfect attendance record throughout his career. Pearson was known for his strategic racing style, earning the nicknames "Fox" and "Silver Fox." He amassed an impressive 105 victories, 113 pole positions, and demonstrated skill and competitiveness that earned him respect from fellow racers like Richard Petty.

Percival Lowell was a versatile American known for his roles as a businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer. He gained fame for popularizing the concept of canals on Mars and for his theories about a potential ninth planet in the Solar System. Lowell's impact is seen in the founding of the Lowell Observatory in Arizona, a key player in the posthumous discovery of Pluto. His contributions have left a lasting mark on the fields of astronomy and planetary science.

William Malcolm Dickey was an American professional baseball catcher and manager who spent 17 seasons with the New York Yankees. He played from 1928 to 1943 before serving in the US Navy during World War II. Dickey returned to the Yankees in 1946 as a player-manager and retired that year. He came back in 1949 as a coach, mentoring Yogi Berra. Dickey participated in nine World Series, winning eight championships. Elected to the Hall of Fame in 1954, he also managed and coached the Yankees, contributing to six more World Series titles.

Mitch Mitchell, an acclaimed English drummer, rose to prominence for his outstanding performances as part of the Jimi Hendrix Experience. His exceptional contributions to the band earned him a place in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2009. Mitchell's remarkable talent was highlighted when he was ranked at number 8 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Drummers of All Time" list in 2016, cementing his status as one of the most influential drummers in the history of rock music.

Madan Mohan Malaviya, an Indian scholar, educational reformer, and politician, made significant contributions to the Indian independence movement. He served as the president of the Indian National Congress three times and was the founder of the Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha. Malaviya played a crucial role in advancing modern education in India by establishing the Banaras Hindu University in 1916. Additionally, he founded The Leader newspaper and played a part in setting up The Bharat Scouts and Guides. In recognition of his achievements, Malaviya was posthumously honored with the Bharat Ratna in 2014.

Tony Thompson was a highly regarded American session drummer known for his work with the bands Power Station and Chic. He gained recognition for his exceptional drumming skills and unique style, contributing to the success of both groups. Thompson's professional career was marked by numerous collaborations with renowned musicians and bands, solidifying his reputation as a versatile and talented drummer in the music industry. His drumming was a key element in the distinctive sound and success of the bands he was a part of.

Admiral Sir John Hawkins was an influential English naval commander, privateer, and slave trader who played a key role in advancing English participation in the Atlantic slave trade. He was the first English merchant to benefit from the Triangle Trade. Hawkins served as Vice-Admiral in the victory over the Spanish Armada and was later knighted for his achievements. As Treasurer of the Navy, he reorganized the Elizabethan Navy, enhancing ship speed, maneuverability, and firepower. Additionally, Hawkins led a fleet to counter the Spanish presence in the West Indies.

Didacus of Alcalá, also known as Diego de Alcalá, was a Spanish Franciscan lay brother devoted to missionary work. He served among the first missionaries in the newly conquered Canary Islands, spreading the teachings of the Catholic Church and assisting local communities. Known for his selfless service and faith, he passed away in Alcalá de Henares and is now honored as a saint by the Catholic Church.

Lupita Tovar was a well-known Mexican-American actress celebrated for her iconic role in the 1931 Spanish-language version of Drácula produced by Universal Pictures in Los Angeles. She also starred in "Santa" (1932), one of the earliest Mexican sound films and successful Spanish-language sound films. Tovar's career extended across both Mexican cinema and Hollywood's Golden Ages, establishing her as one of the last surviving stars from that era. At the time of her passing, she was recognized as the oldest living actress.

Henryk Mikołaj Górecki was a renowned Polish composer recognized for his modern classical music. He played a pivotal role in the avant-garde music scene in Poland, initially experimenting with serialist compositions influenced by prominent composers like Webern, Nono, Stockhausen, Penderecki, and Serocki. Transitioning to a minimalist sacred style in the mid-1970s, Górecki explored various creative phases in his work. His Symphony of Sorrowful Songs brought him international acclaim and commercial success. Despite his popularity, Górecki remained dedicated to his artistic principles and avoided composing for commercial purposes.

Sir John Tavener was an English composer known for his extensive output of choral religious works. He first gained recognition with his cantata The Whale in 1968, described as a musical discovery. Throughout his career, he became one of the best-known composers of his generation, with works like The Protecting Veil and Song for Athene gaining widespread popularity. Tavener's compositions were featured in various settings, including films and significant events such as the funeral of Princess Diana and the Millennium celebrations. He received honors and awards for his contributions to music.

Liz Smith was an American gossip columnist known as "The Grand Dame of Dish." She began her career in radio in the 1950s and also anonymously wrote the "Cholly Knickerbocker" gossip column for the Hearst newspapers. In the 1960s and early 1970s, she served as the entertainment editor for Cosmopolitan and Sports Illustrated. From 1976 to 2009, she wrote a self-titled gossip column for newspapers such as New York Newsday, New York Daily News, and New York Post, which was syndicated in numerous other newspapers. She also appeared on television programs on Fox, E!, and WNBC.

Dolores Ibárruri, also known as Pasionaria, was a prominent Spanish Republican politician and communist figure during the Spanish Civil War. She joined the Spanish Communist Party in 1920, becoming a writer for their publication. Elected as a deputy in the Cortes Generales in 1936, she went into exile after the Civil War. Ibárruri held important positions within the Communist Party of Spain, including General Secretary and later honorary president. She returned to Spain in 1977 and continued her political career as a deputy.

Fred Hutchinson was an American professional baseball player and a major league pitcher for the Detroit Tigers. He later went on to become the manager for three major league teams. Hutchinson's career was tragically cut short by fatal lung cancer while he was leading the 1964 Cincinnati Reds. Following his death, his brother, Dr. William Hutchinson, established the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle in his honor. The center has since become a renowned facility dedicated to cancer research.

Lynn Kellogg was an accomplished American actress and singer known for her talent and versatility. She made a significant impact in the entertainment industry through her captivating performances on stage and screen. Kellogg's career was marked by a range of roles that showcased her exceptional acting abilities and powerful vocal skills. Her contributions to the world of theater and music left a lasting legacy, earning her recognition and admiration from audiences and peers alike.

Joseph Gurney Cannon was a prominent American politician and leader of the Republican Party from Illinois. He served in the United States House of Representatives for twenty-three terms, making him the longest-serving member of Congress at the time of his retirement. Cannon was known for his powerful role as Speaker of the House from 1903 to 1911, where he opposed progressive policies advocated by Presidents Roosevelt and Taft. His leadership faced challenges, ultimately leading to significant reforms in House rules.

Tom Chang Yu-sheng was a Taiwanese pop vocalist, songwriter, and record producer recognized for his influential role in advancing the local music scene. He rose to fame with his first album "Always Missing You" and achieved further acclaim for his work on the soundtrack of the film "Seven Wolves." Chang diversified his musical style over time, delving into different contemporary genres. He later shifted his focus to music production and songwriting for theatrical productions, guiding and collaborating with artists like A-Mei. Tragically, he passed away at the age of 31.

Marcus Daly was a leading American businessman known as one of the influential "Copper Kings" in Butte, Montana. He made notable contributions to the mining industry, particularly in copper mining, through his innovative business strategies and leadership. Daly played a crucial role in the development of Butte as a major mining town and significantly contributed to the growth of the industry in the region. His legacy includes establishing successful mining operations and shaping the economic landscape of Butte during his career.

Baroness Emma Orczy, professionally known as Baroness Orczy, was a Hungarian-born British novelist and playwright. She became famous for her series of novels centered around the character the Scarlet Pimpernel, a courageous hero who saves French aristocrats during the French Revolution. Her writing, especially "The Scarlet Pimpernel," was highly praised by British readers and greatly influenced popular culture. Alongside her literary success, Orczy played a role in founding a service league that supported women during World War I.

Al Mancini was a versatile American actor known for his work in stage, television, and film. Hailing from Steubenville, Ohio, he made a mark in the entertainment industry with his talent and dedication. Throughout his career, Mancini showcased his acting prowess across various mediums, captivating audiences with his performances. He became a respected figure in the industry, earning recognition for his contributions to the world of entertainment. Mancini's legacy lives on through his impactful work and memorable roles.

Leah Rabin was a well-known figure in Israeli public life, recognized for her commitment to social causes and efforts to promote peace. She was deeply involved in charitable organizations, focusing on education and healthcare initiatives. Leah Rabin supported her husband during his tenure as Prime Minister, offering valuable guidance. Her work towards enhancing social welfare and peace efforts had a lasting influence on Israeli society.

J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur was a French-American author, diplomat, and farmer renowned for his influential works depicting American life in the late 18th century. His most notable piece, "Letters from an American Farmer," offered a distinct view on the evolving American identity and the hurdles encountered by early settlers. Additionally, Crèvecœur served as a diplomat advocating for American interests in Europe. As a farmer, he explored innovative agricultural methods, making significant contributions to farming practices in America.

Juan Negrín López was a prominent Spanish physician and politician who held the position of prime minister of the Second Spanish Republic. He was a key figure in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and played a significant role in the left-leaning Popular Front government during the Spanish Civil War. Negrín also served as finance minister and was the final premier of the Loyalist forces in Spain, ultimately defeated by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists. Following the war, Negrín continued to be involved in the Spanish Republican government in exile and was posthumously rehabilitated in 2008.

Rosemary Rogers was a Sri Lankan Burgher best-selling author known for her historical romance novels. She gained recognition with her first book, Sweet Savage Love, published in 1974. Rogers was a pioneer in the genre, being one of the first romance authors to have her novels released in trade paperback format. Working closely with editor Nancy Coffey at Avon Books, she helped shape the modern historical romance landscape. Many contemporary writers credit Rogers as a significant influence on their work.

Albert Hague was a talented German-born American songwriter and actor known for his contributions to the entertainment industry. He gained recognition for his work as a songwriter, creating memorable songs for various projects. Hague also showcased his acting skills in both film and television, impressing audiences with his performances. Throughout his career, he established himself as a versatile and accomplished professional, leaving a lasting impact on the world of music and entertainment with his creativity and talent.

Alfréd Hajós was a versatile professional in the sports world, excelling in swimming, football, and track events. He made history as the first modern Olympic swimming champion and the first Olympic champion from Hungary. Additionally, Hajós contributed significantly to football as a player, referee, manager, and coach. He played a crucial role in the establishment of Hungary's first National European football team in 1902 and continued to serve the sport in various capacities throughout his career.

George David Birkhoff was a prominent American mathematician known for his significant contributions to various areas of mathematics, including the theory of differential equations, dynamical systems, the four-color problem, the three-body problem, and general relativity. He is best remembered for his work on the ergodic theorem. Birkhoff's professional life was marked by his groundbreaking research and academic achievements, solidifying his reputation as one of the top mathematicians of his generation. His legacy is further honored by the designation of his residence as a National Historic Landmark.

John Henry of Luxembourg served as the Margrave of Moravia from 1349 until his passing in 1375. During his tenure, he focused on strengthening the region's economy and infrastructure, promoting trade and commerce. He implemented various policies to improve the living standards of the people and enhance the overall prosperity of Moravia. John Henry also played a significant role in maintaining political stability, fostering diplomatic relations with neighboring territories, and ensuring the security of the Margraviate. His leadership left a lasting impact on the development of Moravia.

Henry Villard was a prominent American journalist and financier who was known for his influential role in the Northern Pacific Railway. He started his career in journalism and was a supporter of political figures such as John C. Frémont and Abraham Lincoln. Villard gained acclaim as a war correspondent during the American Civil War and the Austro-Prussian War. He later shifted his focus to investing in American railroads, acquiring various transportation interests. Villard also had ownership of newspapers like the New York Evening Post, contributed to the establishment of General Electric, and supported educational and charitable institutions.

Julia Marlowe achieved fame as a distinguished American actress known for her outstanding performances in William Shakespeare's plays. Her captivating portrayals and profound grasp of Shakespearean works made her a prominent figure in the theater industry. Marlowe's talent and commitment to her art garnered her high praise and acknowledgment, establishing her as one of the most talented and influential actresses of her era.

Dugald Clerk, a Scottish engineer, designed the world's first successful two-stroke engine in 1878, patented in England in 1881. He graduated from Anderson's University in Glasgow and Yorkshire College in Leeds. Clerk co-founded the intellectual property firm Marks & Clerk with George Croydon Marks. Knighted in 1917 for his engineering contributions, Clerk made significant advancements in engine design and intellectual property management, leaving a lasting impact on the field.

Minoru Yasui was an American lawyer known for his advocacy against discriminatory laws targeting Japanese Americans and immigrants during World War II. He challenged curfews imposed on minority groups, leading to a landmark Supreme Court case. Despite his conviction being affirmed, his efforts were recognized posthumously when his conviction was overturned in 1986. Yasui continued his civic engagement in Denver, Colorado, post-internment, and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015, becoming the first recipient from Oregon.

Sula Benet was a prominent anthropologist from Poland known for her extensive research on Polish and Judaic customs and traditions in the 20th century. Her work delved into the cultural practices and beliefs of these communities, offering valuable insights into their social structures and historical importance. Benet's scholarly contributions highlighted the rich cultural heritage of Poland and its Jewish population, demonstrating her expertise in anthropology and commitment to preserving diverse cultural traditions.

Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana served as the 2nd Constitutional president of Uruguay and was instrumental in founding the National Party of Uruguay. He played a key role in shaping the country's political scene by establishing one of its oldest political parties. His leadership and contributions were pivotal in creating a robust political entity that engaged in a lasting rivalry with the Colorado Party. Oribe's influence extended far beyond his presidency, leaving a lasting imprint on Uruguay's political history and the evolution of its political parties.

Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin was a highly esteemed French painter known for his Post-Impressionist works. Elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1917, he was celebrated for his prolific output characterized by touches of melancholy, dreaminess, and mystery. His artistic contributions extended to various prestigious institutions in France, including the Salle de l'Assemblée générale at the Palais-Royal in Paris, Élysée Palace, Sorbonne, Hôtel de Ville de Paris, Palais de Justice de Paris, and Capitole de Toulouse. His paintings are prominently displayed in public collections at the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux and Musée des Augustins.

J.I.M. Stewart was a prominent Scottish novelist and academic known for his significant contributions to literary criticism and contemporary fiction. He gained recognition for his crime fiction works published under the pseudonym Michael Innes, showcasing versatility and skill across genres. Stewart's successful career spanned decades, establishing him as a respected author for his insightful analysis and engaging storytelling.

Rudolf Friml, a Czech-born composer, made significant contributions to operettas, musicals, songs, and piano pieces. Upon moving to the United States, he became a successful composer known for works such as Rose-Marie and The Vagabond King, which gained popularity on Broadway and in London. Friml's skill as a pianist added to his acclaim in the music world. His compositions were not only successful on stage but also made into films, solidifying his reputation as an important figure in musical theater.

Dicky Wells was an acclaimed American jazz trombonist known for his exceptional talent and innovative playing style. He gained recognition for his mastery of the trombone, contributing significantly to the development of jazz music during his career. Wells was highly regarded for his technical skill, improvisational abilities, and unique sound. He performed and recorded with numerous prominent jazz musicians and bands, leaving a lasting impact on the jazz world with his influential contributions to the genre.

James Michael Curley was an American Democratic politician known for serving four terms as mayor of Boston, as well as a single term as governor of Massachusetts. He also had two terms in the United States House of Representatives. Curley was popular among working-class Irish Americans and implemented various public works projects during his tenure, such as expanding hospitals and transportation systems. Despite his achievements, his political tactics and scandals, including criminal convictions, led to economic challenges and division within the Massachusetts Democratic Party.

Andrei Amalrik was a prominent Soviet writer and dissident famous for his influential 1970 essay, "Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984?". He was a vocal critic of the Soviet regime, pushing for political reform and human rights. Amalrik's work was well-received in the West for its daring predictions and analysis of the Soviet Union's future. Through his writing and activism, he played a pivotal role in influencing public debate on political matters of his era.

William Hayley was a renowned English writer recognized for his biographical works, notably his detailed depiction of his friend William Cowper. He was a prolific author, creating a variety of literary works such as poetry, essays, and plays. Hayley gained a reputation for his expertise in biographical writing, being esteemed as a perceptive chronicler of prominent individuals' lives. His commitment to upholding William Cowper's legacy through his biographical writings solidified his position in literary history as a respected and influential writer.

Halina Kwiatkowska was a celebrated Polish actress, educator, and writer known for her remarkable performances on stage at the National Stary Theatre in Kraków. She delivered unforgettable roles in productions such as The Cherry Orchard. Kwiatkowska also left a lasting mark in the film industry, starring in acclaimed movies like Ashes and Diamonds, The Doll, and And Along Come Tourists. Her versatile talents and unwavering dedication to her craft established her as a highly respected figure in the realm of acting and entertainment.

Jill Tweedie was a prominent British feminist, writer, and broadcaster recognized for her significant impact on feminist discourse. She gained fame for her column "Letters from a faint-hearted feminist" in The Guardian and her autobiography "Eating Children". Tweedie's light writing style and left-leaning politics resonated with the British feminist movement in the 1970s and 1980s. She followed Mary Stott as a principal columnist on The Guardian's women's page, solidifying her influence in journalism and feminism. Tweedie's legacy is commemorated in a group portrait at the National Portrait Gallery alongside other notable Guardian contributors.

William Matthews was a prolific American poet and essayist known for his elegant and introspective writing style. He served as a professor at various prestigious universities, including the University of Washington and the City College of New York. Throughout his career, Matthews published numerous collections of poetry and essays, earning critical acclaim and accolades such as the National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Poetry. His work often explored themes of love, nature, and the complexities of human relationships, leaving a lasting impact on the literary world.

Philip Campbell Curtis was an American painter known for his surrealist-inspired style, earning titles like "Magical Realist" and "Magritte of the Old West." He studied law before pursuing art, eventually enrolling in Yale University's School of Fine Art. Curtis worked on murals and portraits to support himself, joined the Works Progress Administration's Federal Arts Program, and established art centers in Phoenix and Des Moines. He continued painting in Arizona, creating unique compositions with intricate layers and colorful glazes, often incorporating elements inspired by the people around him.

Cnut the Great successfully unified the kingdoms of England, Denmark, and Norway to create the North Sea Empire. He used his control over these lands to assert influence over the maritime region connecting Great Britain and Ireland. Cnut's diplomatic skills were evident in his efforts to create cultural connections between Danes and English, and in extending his authority over Scotland. His adept political maneuvering and governance established him as one of the most effective Anglo-Saxon kings in history.

Baron Alexander von Bach was an influential Austrian politician who implemented a centralized control system under Emperor Franz Joseph I. As Minister of the Interior, he played a crucial role in the Austrian government in the mid-19th century. Von Bach's reforms focused on enhancing administrative efficiency and bolstering imperial power, resulting in substantial changes to the bureaucratic structure. While his centralized methods garnered both acclaim and backlash, they left a lasting impact on Austria's political scene, solidifying his reputation as a controversial yet significant figure.

John Bury OBE was a highly acclaimed British set, costume, and lighting designer known for his work in theatres in London, the UK, Broadway, and international opera. He started his career at the Theatre Workshop under Joan Littlewood before joining the Royal Shakespeare Company and later the National Theatre Company as Head of Design and associate director. Bury's talent was recognized with Tony Award nominations and wins for his work on various productions, showcasing his exceptional skill and creativity in the world of theatre design.

John Bassett Moore was an influential figure in the field of international law. He served as a State Department official, a professor at Columbia University, and a judge of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Moore's expertise and contributions to international law were highly regarded, and he was the first American judge to sit on the Permanent Court of International Justice. Throughout his career, he played a key role in shaping legal frameworks and promoting understanding of international law both in the United States and on a global scale.

Emmett Matthew Hall was a distinguished Canadian lawyer, civil liberties advocate, and Supreme Court of Canada judge. Renowned for his commitment to public policy advocacy, he was instrumental in shaping the Canadian Medicare system, earning him acclaim as a founding figure. Together with Tommy Douglas, a fellow Saskatchewanian, Hall led efforts for healthcare reform and social welfare programs. His significant contributions to the legal realm, civil liberties, and healthcare policy have profoundly influenced Canadian society, establishing him as a revered figure in the nation's history.

William Christopher Zeise was a prominent Danish organic chemist celebrated for his groundbreaking contributions to the field. He is best known for synthesizing Zeise's salt, an early organometallic compound named in his honor. Zeise also made significant advancements in organosulfur chemistry with the discovery of xanthates in 1823. His pioneering research and discoveries solidified his status as a leading figure in chemistry, leaving a lasting legacy in the field.

Anne de Montmorency, duc de Montmorency, was a significant figure in French politics and military matters during the mid to late Italian Wars and early French Wars of Religion. Serving under five French kings, he occupied crucial roles like Constable of France and Grand Maître. Montmorency played a pivotal role in military operations, peace talks, and political schemes, emerging as a central figure in defending Catholicism during the French Wars of Religion. Tragically, he met his end in battle in 1567.

Sōami was a significant figure in the art world, recognized for managing the art collections of the Ashikaga shoguns. His artworks were distinguished by a blend of Zen Buddhism and the Chinese Southern School style. Apart from being a skilled painter, he excelled as a landscape gardener, creating temple gardens. Sōami was proficient in organizing tea and incense ceremonies, illustrating his broad knowledge and appreciation of artistic and cultural traditions of his era.

Duncan II of Scotland reigned as King of Alba after his father, Malcolm III. His rule was characterized by internal challenges and conflicts due to rival claimants to the throne, leading to a period of instability. Duncan II also faced external threats from Norse-controlled regions in the north. Despite his efforts to maintain power, his reign was marked by political turmoil and ended with his death, leaving behind a legacy of a troubled and tumultuous rule.

Charles Cutler Torrey was an American historian, archaeologist, and scholar known for his contributions to the fields of biblical studies and Semitic languages. He served as a professor at Yale University and Andover Newton Theological School, where he specialized in Near Eastern studies. Torrey was a prolific author, publishing numerous works on topics such as ancient manuscripts, religious history, and Middle Eastern culture. He was also actively involved in promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding, as evidenced by his friendship with Rabbi George Alexander Kohut.

Pope Boniface III, bishop of Rome in 607, impressed Pope Gregory I as a deacon, who sent him as papal apocrisiarius to Constantinople where he gained Emperor Phocas' favor. Boniface successfully resolved a dispute between bishops and ensured fair papal elections. He enacted decrees to prevent premature discussions on papal succession and solidified Rome's status as head of all Churches. Boniface's close relationship with Emperor Phocas also led to a decree affirming Rome's primacy. He was buried in Old St. Peter's Basilica.

Joseph James Cheeseman served as the 12th president of Liberia, being elected three times on the True Whig ticket. He was born in Edina, Grand Bassa County, and educated at Liberia College (now University of Liberia). During his tenure, Cheeseman focused on promoting the interests of the True Whig Party and was known for his efforts to advance education and infrastructure within Liberia. He played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the country during his presidency.

Nelly Kaplan, a French writer and film director of Argentine descent, was celebrated for her dedication to the arts and filmmaking. Initially trained in economics, she followed her passion for cinema and eventually relocated to Paris to represent the Argentine film archive at a global conference. Collaborating closely with acclaimed filmmaker Abel Gance, Kaplan demonstrated her directing talent on projects like La tour de Nesle and Austerlitz. Her noteworthy works include art shorts, feature films such as A Very Curious Girl, and the documentary The Picasso Look.

Shang Kexi was a skilled and courageous Chinese general who served both the Ming and Qing dynasties. Known for his expertise in mounted archery and military tactics, he defended the northeast frontier against the Jurchens. Switching allegiance to the Qing dynasty, Shang became one of their most powerful generals, ruling Guangdong with a trained army. He remained loyal during the Revolt of the Three Feudatories and donated to rebuild the Dafo Temple. His son, Shang Zhixin, briefly rebelled but was ultimately defeated by Qing forces.

Setkya Dewi, also known as Sekkya Dewi, was the Queen of the Konbaung Kingdom of Burma from 1853 to 1876, serving as the chief queen of Mindon Min. Renowned for her knowledge of modern science and astrology, she was popular with the British and known as a well-educated woman. Visitors would bring her gifts related to her astrological interests. Setkya Dewi held the position of the Tabindaing Princess during her father's reign and was respected for her intellectual pursuits and diplomatic interactions with foreign dignitaries.

José Canalejas was a prominent Spanish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1910 to 1912. Known for his leadership, he also held the position of President of the Congress of Deputies from 1906 to 1907. Canalejas played a vital role in Spanish politics, advocating for various reforms and policies during his tenure. He left a lasting impact on the political landscape of Spain through his dedication and contributions to public service.

Nilus of Sinai was a revered Turkish spiritual and religious leader known for his contributions to early Christian monasticism. As a prominent ascetic and theologian, he played a significant role in the development of monastic practices and spiritual teachings in the Sinai region. His writings and teachings focused on asceticism, prayer, and the mystical aspects of Christianity, influencing the spiritual traditions of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Nilus's legacy is marked by his dedication to spiritual discipline and monastic life.

Waqar Ahmed Seth was a Pakistani jurist who served as the Chief Justice of Peshawar High Court. He gained prominence for presiding over the special court that heard the high treason case against Pervez Musharraf, a former military dictator. Seth, as one of the judges on a three-judge panel, convicted Musharraf of this crime and sentenced him to death, marking the first instance in Pakistan's history that a military dictator was found guilty of high treason. Seth's professional legacy is defined by his role in this landmark case and his contributions to the judiciary.

Sister Superior Julia McGroarty was a renowned Irish-American nun and educator within the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur order. She made history as the first American superior of the order and significantly contributed to the expansion of the Sisters' educational mission in the United States. One of her remarkable achievements was the establishment of Trinity Washington University, leaving a profound impact on the field of education. Through her leadership and vision, she played a pivotal role in shaping the educational landscape and touching the lives of countless students.

Sarah Wambaugh was a pioneering American political scientist renowned for her innovative research and significant contributions to the field. She focused on various areas within political science, such as international relations and public policy. Wambaugh was a prolific author, producing numerous influential papers and books that influenced academic discussions in her field. Additionally, she was a highly regarded educator, instructing at esteemed institutions and guiding emerging scholars. Wambaugh's work throughout her career was acknowledged for its profound analysis, valuable perspectives, and enduring influence on political science.

Peter Martyr Vermigli was a significant Italian Reformed theologian known for his influence as a reformer in Catholic Italy, his move to Protestant northern Europe, and his impact on the Edwardian Reformation in England. He was recognized for his expertise on the Eucharist within Reformed churches, participating in debates and producing writings on the topic. Vermigli's theological legacy involved defending the Reformed perspective on the Eucharist against Catholics and Lutherans, as well as formulating a doctrine of predestination distinct from John Calvin. Furthermore, he contributed to the Elizabethan religious settlement by providing theological support for royal supremacy.

Carlos Surinach was a versatile composer and conductor recognized for blending traditional and modern elements in his innovative works. He was known for his vibrant and rhythmic compositions inspired by his Spanish heritage. Surinach collaborated with prestigious dance companies to create dynamic scores for various ballets and conducted leading orchestras, showcasing his talent for interpreting diverse musical styles. His contributions to the music world are celebrated for their unique artistic vision and lasting impact.

Eduardo Mallea was a prolific writer who saw language as both a means of communication and a source of creativity. Renowned for his novels, short stories, and essays, he also played a vital role as a cultural critic. Mallea served as an editor at La Nación and was frequently invited to lecture at various international universities due to his expertise. Throughout his career, he dedicated himself to literary endeavors, critical analysis, and sharing knowledge through academic activities.

Cunibert served as the ninth bishop of Cologne from 623 until his death. Prior to his bishopric, he was an archdeacon of Trier. He had a close relationship with King Dagobert I and served as a tutor to the king's son, Sigebert III. Cunibert played a significant role in governing Austrasia and was involved in revising the Lex Ribuaria. He promoted monasticism, oversaw church establishment and restoration, and is now recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.

Clara Fisher was a British prodigy who started her acting career at the young age of six on the London stage in 1817. She made her debut in New York ten years later in 1827. With a remarkable career that spanned 72 years, she earned the title of "the oldest living actress" in her later years. Fisher's talent and dedication to the craft allowed her to captivate audiences on both sides of the Atlantic, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of theater.

Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov was a prominent figure in Russian politics, serving as the President of the Buryat Republic for a significant period from August 1991 to July 2007. He was successfully reelected three times during his tenure, showcasing strong support from the populace. Potapov's leadership was characterized by achievements such as winning elections with a considerable majority in 2002. His professional life was marked by a dedication to public service and a commitment to representing the interests of the Buryat Republic.

Yazid II served as the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate from 680 to 683. His reign was marked by significant events such as the death of Husayn ibn Ali, which triggered the Second Fitna. He conducted military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, including an assault on Constantinople. In response to opposition from Muslim leaders, Yazid quelled uprisings in Mecca and Medina. He followed his father's approach of decentralized governance, empowering provincial governors and tribal elites. Although criticized for hiseditary succession, some historians regard Yazid II as an effective ruler.

Jiří Petr was a highly respected Czech agroscientist known for his contributions to the field of agriculture. He served as a university professor and Emeritus Chancellor at the Czech University of Agriculture Prague. Throughout his career, he demonstrated a deep commitment to education and research, mentoring countless students and leading numerous academic initiatives. His work significantly advanced the understanding of agricultural practices and their impact on society, leaving a lasting legacy in the field of agroscience.

Harriet Jane Farley was an American writer and abolitionist known for her editorial work. She served as the editor of the Lowell Offering from 1842 to 1845, where she showcased the literary talents of female mill workers. Farley continued her editorial career by taking on the role of editor for the New England Offering from 1847 to 1850. Through her editorial positions, she played a significant role in amplifying the voices of women and advocating for social change during the 19th century.

Sanada Nobuyuki was a prominent Japanese samurai celebrated for his strategic acumen and leadership during the Sengoku period. He was a devoted retainer to his clan and made significant contributions to numerous military campaigns through his exceptional tactical skills and diplomatic abilities. Widely admired for his loyalty to his lord and remarkable martial capabilities, Sanada Nobuyuki was revered as a distinguished warrior and a pivotal figure in feudal Japan's complex political environment.

William Keith Brooks was a prominent American zoologist known for his important contributions to marine biology. He conducted research on embryological development in invertebrates and established a marine biological laboratory to study heredity. Brooks authored influential works like "The Oyster" and made groundbreaking discoveries regarding the fertilization process of American oysters. Throughout his career, he held teaching positions at Johns Hopkins University and conducted research on germ cells and species variation. Brooks was highly regarded in scientific circles and received multiple honorary degrees for his significant contributions to the field.

Canute VI of Denmark ruled as king from 1182 to 1202. He was known for his strong religious beliefs and was described as earnest and devout by his contemporaries. Throughout his reign, Canute encountered challenges such as conflicts with neighboring powers and internal disputes within the kingdom. Despite these obstacles, he prioritized maintaining stability and order in Denmark. Canute VI's commitment to his faith greatly influenced his decisions and governing style.

Al-Muqtafi li-Amr Allah was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1136 to 1160, succeeding his nephew al-Rashid after the latter's forced abdication by the Seljuks. During his reign, Al-Muqtafi skillfully utilized the disunity among the Seljuk Turks to uphold and extend his influence in Baghdad and across Iraq. His professional career was marked by adeptly managing political obstacles and effectively navigating power dynamics in the region.

Jerry John Rawlings was a Ghanaian military coup leader, aviator, and politician who governed the country during both military and civilian administrations. Initially assuming power in 1979 following a coup d'état, he later headed a military junta until 1992. Subsequently, Rawlings entered civilian politics, establishing the National Democratic Congress and becoming the inaugural president of the Fourth Republic. He was re-elected in 1996 and supported his vice-president in the 2000 elections. Additionally, Rawlings functioned as the African Union envoy to Somalia.

Kanybek Isakov was a prominent Kyrgyz politician and academic who had a successful career in education and public service. He started as a professor of philology at Osh State University, eventually becoming the university's Rector before being appointed as Minister of Education and Science of Kyrgyzstan. Isakov also served as Editor-in-Chief of the newspaper Nur. He was known for his efforts to improve educational standards, including the introduction of a program to develop higher quality textbooks in the Kyrgyz language. Isakov's political career began at the town council of Osh, where he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.

Fernand Khnopff was a notable Belgian symbolist painter celebrated for his distinctive and enigmatic artistic approach. His intricate and enigmatic works were characterized by dreamlike imagery and symbolic motifs, earning him acclaim. Khnopff's art delved into themes of introspection, mysticism, and the subconscious, echoing the prevailing influences of symbolism and decadence in late 19th-century European art. His paintings and drawings showcased meticulous attention to detail and a profound fascination with the human form, frequently blurring the boundaries between reality and fantasy.

Surendra Singh Jeena was an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He served as a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Salt constituency in Almora district. Jeena was elected to the legislative assembly three times consecutively and also held the position of chairman of Kumaon Mandal Vikas Nigam (KMVN) during his first term. He won the legislative elections from Bhikiyasain constituency in 2007 and from Salt constituency in 2012. Jeena tragically passed away from COVID-19 while undergoing treatment in New Delhi.

Bob Jones Jr. was a key figure in academia, serving as the second president and chancellor of Bob Jones University. His leadership was characterized by a dedication to academic excellence and the university's mission. During his tenure of over two decades, he significantly contributed to the growth and development of the institution, expanding its programs and facilities. His legacy has had a lasting impact on the university's influence in the field of education.

Anne-Marie Campora was a prominent Monegasque politician known for her dedication to public service. Throughout her career, she held various influential positions, advocating for the interests of her constituents and working towards the betterment of her community. With a strong focus on policy-making and governance, she played a key role in shaping important decisions that impacted the lives of many. Her leadership and commitment to serving the public earned her respect and recognition both locally and internationally.