Mary Wollstonecraft Biography

(Novelist)

Birthday: April 27, 1759 (Taurus)

Born In: London, England

Mary Wollstonecraft was a famous, eighteenth-century British writer who is best known for her work, ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’. She was brought up in London by an abusive father and left home early in order to pursue a career in writing. She worked as a publisher of radical texts and as a translator, before she became a published author. A staunch Anglican, many of her works were inspired by her experiences at the church. During her brief career, she wrote a couple of novels, treatises, a conduct book and a children’s book. Although she was a feminist, she believed that both men and women should be treated as coherent beings, with a social mandate, instituted on reason. Until the late 20th century, her personal life received a lot more attention than her professional life, due to her various ill-fated relationships and a late marriage. Wife of William Godwin, one of the founding fathers of the anarchist movement, Mary Wollstonecraft’s life has been documented by her husband in ‘Memoir’, which sabotaged her reputation for a long period of time. Know more about her life in this brief biography.

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Quick Facts

British Celebrities Born In April

Died At Age: 38

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: William Godwin

father: Edward John Wollstonecraft

mother: Elizabeth Dixon

siblings: Eliza, Everina

children: Fanny Imlay, Mary Shelley

Born Country: England

Feminists Novelists

Died on: September 10, 1797

place of death: London, England

City: London, England

  • 1

    What impact did Mary Wollstonecraft have on the women's rights movement?

    Mary Wollstonecraft is considered a pioneer of feminist philosophy and her works, such as "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," laid the foundation for the modern women's rights movement.

  • 2

    What were some of the key ideas in Mary Wollstonecraft's writings?

    Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for gender equality, education for women, and the right of women to participate fully in society. She argued against the prevailing notion of women as inferior to men.

  • 3

    How did Mary Wollstonecraft's ideas influence future feminist movements?

    Mary Wollstonecraft's ideas laid the groundwork for the feminist movements that followed, inspiring generations of women to fight for their rights and challenge traditional gender roles.

  • 4

    What was the significance of Mary Wollstonecraft's work "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman?"

    Published in 1792, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" was one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. It argued for women's rights to education, equality, and participation in public life.

  • 5

    How did Mary Wollstonecraft's personal experiences shape her views on women's rights?

    Mary Wollstonecraft's experiences of being constrained by societal expectations and limited opportunities as a woman fueled her passion for advocating for women's rights and equality.

Childhood & Early Life
Mary Wollstonecraft was the second of seven children born to Edward Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dixon. Although the family led a comfortable life when she was a child, they eventually became bankrupt and had to sustain hardships.
Her father often turned violent and got physically abusive with her and her mother. Her mother soon passed away and perturbed by her father’s actions, she moved out of her house to earn her own livelihood in 1780.
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Career
In 1784, Wollstonecraft, her sister Eliza and best friend, Fanny, established a school in Newington Green. The school closed down in 1785, when Mary abandoned it to be with Fanny, who had married and was living in Portugal, but was severely ill.
After Fanny's death in 1786, she took up the position as a governess for the Kingsborough family in Ireland, which made her realize that she was not suited for domestic/household work. She finally moved to London and was appointed as a translator to Joseph, Johnson, a publisher of radical texts.
In 1787, drawing from her experiences she wrote ‘Thoughts on the Education of Daughters’ in which she talked about the horror of intelligent women being subject to rich fools.
She became a regular contributor to John’s magazine, ‘Analytical Review’ in 1788.
One of her novels, ‘Mary: A Fiction’ condemned the patriarchal institution of marriage and described its effects on women. It was published in 1788 and became one of her most radical, feminist work.
In 1792, she published her most prominent work, ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’, through which she criticized the prevalent belief that women are just household adornments. The ideas presented by her in this book, were clearly revolutionary at the time and caused tremendous controversy.
Apart from her novels, she also wrote a reflective, travel narrative titled ‘Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark’, which was published in 1796.
Major Works
‘Mary: A Fiction’ was published in 1788 which received moderate success, but was considered very bold and one of her most radical, feminist works. The book was reprinted in the 1970s and was translated into three languages, in the wake of the second wave of the feminist movement.
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In 1792, ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’, considered her most important work created a new wave of feminist sentiments. It argued that women ought to have an education commensurate with their position in society and that they should not purely be viewed as an objects of pleasure for men. While this publication attracted a lot of negative publicity at the time, it also received positive reviews and was even translated into French.
‘Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark’ was published in 1796 and became one of her most popular books. It received positive reviews from the critics and also influenced poets like William Wordsworth. The first travel narratives of its kind, this publication was one of her last works, but earned her great fame towards the end of the 18th century.
Personal Life & Legacy
In 1792, while visiting a couple of friends in France, she met Captain Gilbert Imlay and they fell in love. She soon became pregnant and gave birth to their child, Fanny, named after her best friend.
In May 1795, she attempted suicide, after facing rejection from Imlay. After two failed suicide attempts she returned to the literary world and soon became involved in a relationship with William Godwin.
She soon became pregnant with Godwin’s child and the duo decided to marry, so that their child would be legitimate. They married on March 29, 1797 and moved into independent houses, where they communicated through letters. It was a brief, but a happy relationship.
On August 30, 1797, she gave birth to Mary Shelley, her second daughter, but developed some uterine complications during childbirth. Wollstonecraft passed away ten days later due to septicemia.
Following her death, Godwin published ‘Memoirs’ narrating her life and works. With the advent of the feminist movement, many budding writers like Emma Goldman and Virgina Woolf, began embracing her ideologies.
Wollstonecraft’s works returned to prominence in the 1960s and 1970s during the second wave of the feminist movement. Six books were published on her life and works which influenced Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a political writer and later, Nobel Laureate, Amartya Sen.
Facts About Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft was a trailblazing feminist writer who advocated for women's rights and education in the late 18th century, laying the groundwork for future generations of feminists.

She was known for her unconventional views on marriage and relationships, believing in equality and mutual respect between partners.

Wollstonecraft was a prolific traveler and lived in various European cities, gaining diverse perspectives that influenced her writings.

She had a close relationship with her sister, Fanny, and believed strongly in the importance of sisterhood and female solidarity.

Wollstonecraft's legacy continues to inspire modern-day feminists and scholars, who recognize her contributions to the fight for gender equality.

See the events in life of Mary Wollstonecraft in Chronological Order

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