F. W. de Klerk Biography

(1st Deputy President of South Africa)

Birthday: March 18, 1936 (Pisces)

Born In: Johannesburg, Transvaal, South Africa

F. W. de Klerk was a South African politician who served as the country’s 7th state president, from August 1989 to May 1994, and as its first deputy president, from 1994 to 1996, in Nelson Mandela's administration. He was a prominent proponent of the anti-apartheid movement, even though his father was one of the originators of the apartheid system of racial segregation that had been a significant part of the South African government for decades. Initially, during his tenure at various ministerial posts, de Klerk had supported the apartheid system. However, that changed after he became the 'National Party' leader and South Africa was plagued by racial violence. De Klerk eventually emerged as a key figure who worked alongside Mandela to end the apartheid policy. His efforts earned him a 'Nobel Peace Prize.' However, that, too, came with controversies for various reasons. De Klerk also faced criticism for his alleged extramarital affair.

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Quick Facts

Also Known As: Frederik Willem de Klerk

Died At Age: 85

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Elita Georgiades (m. 1998), Marike de Klerk (m. 1959–1998)

father: Jan de Klerk

mother: Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer

siblings: Willem de Klerk

children: Jan de Klerk, Susan de Klerk, Willem de Klerk

Born Country: South Africa

Political Leaders South African Men

Died on: November 11, 2021

Notable Alumni: Potchefstroom University For Christian Higher Education

City: Johannesburg, South Africa

More Facts

education: Potchefstroom University For Christian Higher Education

  • 1

    What role did F. W. de Klerk play in ending apartheid in South Africa?

    F. W. de Klerk was the last President of apartheid-era South Africa and played a crucial role in dismantling the system by legalizing opposition parties and releasing Nelson Mandela from prison.
  • 2

    How did F. W. de Klerk's policies contribute to the transition to democracy in South Africa?

    F. W. de Klerk's policies, such as repealing discriminatory laws and negotiating with the African National Congress (ANC), paved the way for a peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa.
  • 3

    What were some of the challenges faced by F. W. de Klerk during his presidency?

    F. W. de Klerk faced challenges such as resistance from hardline supporters of apartheid, navigating political tensions within his own party, and managing the transition to a new democratic South Africa.
  • 4

    How did F. W. de Klerk's leadership impact South Africa's international relations?

    F. W. de Klerk's leadership led to the end of international sanctions against South Africa and improved the country's standing in the global community as it transitioned to a democratic state.
  • 5

    What is F. W. de Klerk's legacy in South Africa and the world?

    F. W. de Klerk is remembered for his role in ending apartheid, promoting reconciliation, and sharing the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela, leaving a lasting impact on South Africa and the world.
Childhood & Early Life
Frederik Willem de Klerk was born on March 18, 1936, in the Mayfair suburb of Johannesburg, to South African politician Johannes "Jan" de Klerk and Hendrina Cornelia Coetzer. He grew up with his brother, Willem de Klerk, who is 8 years older than him.
After changing seven schools throughout South Africa, de Klerk joined the 'Monument High School,' a boarding school in Krugersdorp, and graduated in 1953.
In 1958, he received bachelor degrees in both arts and law from the 'Potchefstroom University.' While there, de Klerk served as the student newspaper editor, the vice-chair of the student council, a national executive council member of the 'Afrikaanse Studentebond,' and an elite member of ‘Broederbond.’ He also played tennis and hockey.
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Political Career
The 'National Party' nominated F. W. de Klerk as the ‘House of Assembly’ candidate from Vereeniging, and he won the election in November 1972. He earned prominence for his debating skills.
F. W. de Klerk subsequently became the information officer of the 'Transvaal National Party' and contributed to the establishment of a new 'National Party' youth movement.
During that period, he was associated with several party parliamentary study groups and traveled to Israel, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
By late 1976, he realized that the U.S. society was heavily plagued by racism. In fact, racism was more prominent in the U.S. than in South Africa. This had a profound impact on de Klerk. He had previously served in high positions in two select committees, working for the rights of non-white communities.

In 1975, Prime Minister John Vorster nominated de Klerk for a promotion to the position of deputy minister. Vorster had always favored him and believed him to be a leader of the nation. Unfortunately, the promotion ultimately went to Andries Treurnicht of the 'National Party.'

In April 1978, as the minister of social welfare and pensions, de Klerk freed the sporting control bodies from the government's jurisdiction and made them autonomous. While serving as the minister of post and telecommunications, he helped the sports bodies get their electricity contracts.
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He also served as the minister of mining and legalized the 'Atomic Energy Corporation' and the 'Electricity Supply Commission' (ESCOM). He revoked the 'Mixed Marriages Act' as the minister of the interior.
In 1981, F. W. de Klerk received the 'Decoration for Meritorious Service.' Between 1984 and 1989, he served as an education minister and extended the apartheid system to all racial groups in schools.
F. W. de Klerk then defeated finance minister Barend du Plessis, to succeed P. W. Botha as the 'National Party' leader. He was officiated on February 2, 1989. In that capacity, de Klerk introduced a new South African constitution that granted more rights to non-white racial groups.

De Klerk met British prime minister Margaret Thatcher in London. She urged him to free anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela from imprisonment, even though Thatcher was an opponent of the anti-apartheid movement and its demands.

After Botha resigned on August 14, 1989, de Klerk served as the acting state president until September 20. He was then elected for a full 5-year term.
The 'African National Congress' (ANC) leaders were against de Klerk, as they believed that he would be an apartheid supporter, just like his predecessors.
As the president, he made efforts to release several imprisoned elderly anti-apartheid activists. In February 1990, during his first speech before the South African parliament, he announced that he would formalize banned political parties such as the ‘ANC’ and the 'Communist Party of South Africa' and free Nelson Mandela.
In 1990, F. W. de Klerk ordered to end South Africa's nuclear weapons program. This order was implemented fully by 1991.
In 1992, de Klerk received a majority of votes during a whites-only referendum on ending apartheid. However, Mandela never believed in de Klerk's efforts in processing the cause. Mandela thought that de Klerk was secretly permitting violence to stop the negotiations to end the apartheid system.
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In 1993, de Klerk and Mandela jointly received the 'Nobel Peace Prize' for their anti-apartheid efforts. However, people opposed honoring de Klerk in the wake of the massacre of several white families by the 'Azanian People's Liberation Army' (APLA) fighters. De Klerk had confessed that the ‘APLA’ had operated the killings on his orders.
In the 1994 non-racial election, Mandela won representing the ‘ANC,’ while de Klerk's 'National Party' ranked second. For 2 years, he served as the deputy president in Mandela's collated ‘ANC’ administration and the 'Government of National Unity.' De Klerk supported Mandela's liberal economic policies.
F. W. de Klerk made efforts to pardon the previous political crimes committed under the apartheid system and attempted to prevent the 'Truth and Reconciliation Commission' from investigating against pro- and anti-apartheid groups.
De Klerk and Mandela shared a strenuous professional relationship, majorly because the former had difficulty accepting a position lower than president. Nevertheless, Mandela eventually grew fond of him.
In 1997, he stepped down as the party's leader and also retired from active politics.
In 1997, de Klerk declined the “Harper Fellowship” offered by 'Yale Law School.' In 2000, he founded and chaired the pro-peace 'FW de Klerk Foundation.' He also established and chaired the 'Global Leadership Foundation' to support democratic leadership.
In 2004, de Klerk left the 'New National Party' after it merged with the ruling ‘ANC.’
Honors & Awards

F. W. de Klerk held several honorary positions in organizations such as the 'University Philosophical Society' of 'Trinity College,' Dublin (honorary patron) and the 'Prague Society for International Cooperation' (honorary chairman).

The 'College Historical Society' of 'Trinity College' honored him with the 'Gold Medal for Outstanding Contribution to Public Discourse.'

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De Klerk was on the advisory board of the 'Global Panel Foundation.'

Personal Life & Death

F. W. de Klerk was married to former 'National Party' member Marike Willemse from 1959 until their divorce in 1996. They had first met when de Klerk was still a university student.

The divorce followed after Willemse found out about de Klerk's affair with Elita Georgiades, who was then married to Greek shipping mogul Tony Georgiades. Apparently, Georgiades was one of the financers of the 'National Party.'

After his scandalized divorce, de Klerk got married to Elita in 1999.

De Klerk's autobiography, 'The Last Trek – A New Beginning,' was published in 2000. The following year, Willemse was brutally murdered by her security guard. De Klerk received the manuscript of her autobiography, 'A Place Where the Sun Shines Again,' in 2002. He urged the publishers to remove everything regarding his affair with Elita from the autobiography.

F. W. de Klerk died from complications of mesothelioma on November 11, 2021, in his sleep at his home in Cape Town. He was 85.
 
 

Facts About F. W. de Klerk
de Klerk was an avid amateur astronomer and enjoyed stargazing in his free time.
He had a passion for classical music and played the piano as a hobby.
de Klerk was known for his love of outdoor activities, particularly hiking and fishing.
He was a skilled linguist and was fluent in multiple languages, including Afrikaans, English, and German.
Despite his political career, de Klerk maintained a strong interest in history and often visited historical sites around the world.

See the events in life of F. W. De Klerk in Chronological Order

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- F. W. de Klerk Biography
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