Who was Henry James? Everything You Need to Know

Quick Facts

British Celebrities Born In April

Died At Age: 72

Family:

father: Henry James Sr.

mother: Mary Robertson Walsh

siblings: Alice James, Garth Wilkinson James, Robertson James, William James

Born Country: United States

Novelists American Men

Died on: February 28, 1916

place of death: Chelsea, London, England

Ancestry: Irish American

U.S. State: New Yorkers

More Facts

education: Harvard Law School

Recommended For You

1

What are some of the major themes in Henry James' works?

Some major themes in Henry James' works include the complexities of human relationships, the clash of cultures, the impact of social class on individual lives, and the exploration of the inner lives of his characters.
2

How did Henry James' writing style evolve over his career?

Henry James started with a more traditional writing style, but over time he developed a more complex and intricate prose style that focused on psychological depth and the nuances of interpersonal relationships.
3

Which novels are considered to be some of Henry James' masterpieces?

Some of Henry James' most acclaimed novels include "The Portrait of a Lady," "The Turn of the Screw," "The Wings of the Dove," and "The Ambassadors."
4

How did Henry James' expatriate experience influence his writing?

Henry James spent much of his life living in Europe, especially in England, which greatly influenced his writing by providing him with a unique perspective on American and European culture, class differences, and social norms.
5

What impact did Henry James have on the development of the psychological novel?

Henry James is often credited with pioneering the psychological novel by focusing on the interior lives of his characters and exploring their motivations, desires, and conflicts in great depth. His works paved the way for other writers to delve into the complexities of human psychology in literature.

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Childhood & Early Life

Henry James was born on 15 April 1843 in New York City, United States, to Mary Walsh and Henry James, Sr. His father, a lecturer and philosopher, was an intelligent man with intellectual interests. Henry had three brothers and one sister.

He was exposed to scientific and philosophical influences from a young age. Accompanied by his family, he travelled widely, visiting London, Paris, Geneva, Boulogne-sur-Mer and Newport, Rhode Island. Henry received his education primarily from tutors and briefly attended a few schools while the family traveled in Europe.

The family returned to New Port in 1860. During this time Henry became friends with painter John La Farge, who introduced him to French literature, especially to the works of Balzac.

He decided to become a lawyer and enrolled at the Harvard Law School when he was 19. However it did not take him long to realize that his true interest lay in literature and not law. Instead of focusing on his studies, he spent his time reading Balzac, Henrik Ibsen, Charles Dickens, and Nathaniel Hawthorne.

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Career

Henry James began his literary career writing articles, book reviews and short stories. His first short story appeared anonymously in the ‘New York Continental Monthly’ and his first book reviews in the ‘North American Review’ when he was in his early twenties.

Soon he established himself as one of the most skillful writers of short stories in America. He then left America and lived for a time in Paris, France before moving to London, England in 1876. He continued his prolific writing, publishing literary pieces such as ‘The American’ (1877), ‘The Europeans’ (1878), a revision of ‘Watch and Ward’ (1878), ‘French Poets and Novelists’ (1878), and ‘Hawthorne’ (1879).

In 1881, he published his novel ‘The Portrait of a Lady’, which was first published as a serial in ‘The Atlantic Monthly’ and ‘Macmillan's Magazine’. The plot revolves around a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer who inherits a large amount of money and subsequently becomes the victim of scheming by two American expatriates. It is regarded by critics as one of his finest works.

He wrote two novels on social reformers and revolutionaries in the 1880s. ‘The Bostonians’ (1886) is a bittersweet tragicomedy dealing with political activists and the feminist movement while ‘The Princess Casamassima’, also published in 1886, is the story of a bookbinder who becomes involved in radical politics and a terrorist assassination plot.

James was also a noted literary critic and a playwright. In 1891 he converted his novel ‘The American’ into a play which enjoyed moderate success. He also wrote several other plays, most of which went unproduced. He could not achieve much success as a playwright and this fact greatly disappointed him even though he was a famed novelist.

His career reached its peak at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, he published the novel ‘The Wings of the Dove’ which is about the story of Milly Theale, an American heiress stricken with a serious disease. The book was followed by ‘The Ambassadors’ (1903), and ‘The Golden Bowl’ (1904). All the three of these novels received intense critical study.

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American Novelists

Major Works

His novel, ‘The American’, originally published as a serial in ‘The Atlantic Monthly’ focused on the adventures and misadventures of Christopher Newman, an American businessman on his first tour of Europe. The novel was also made into a successful play.

Henry James’ best known work is ‘The Portrait of a Lady’, the story of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer who inherits a large amount of money and falls victim to two scheming American expatriates. The novel explores themes of personal freedom, responsibility, and betrayal.

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Another one of his most popular works is ‘Daisy Miller’, a novella which portrays the courtship of the beautiful American girl Daisy Miller by Winterbourne, a sophisticated man. The work which serves as a psychological description of the mind of a young woman contains many symbolisms and allegories.

Awards & Achievements

Thrice during his career Henry James was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature (1911, 1912, and 1916).

He was awarded the Order of Merit in 1916.

Personal Life & Legacy

Henry James never married. Some sources state that he was once in love with his cousin Mary Temple who died from tuberculosis. Historians also debate on the probability of James being homosexual.

After living in Britain for several years, he became a naturalized English citizen in 1915. He died on 28 February, 1916, in Chelsea, London.

Facts About Henry James

Henry James had a fascination with the supernatural and often incorporated elements of the paranormal in his stories, despite being known for his realistic portrayal of human relationships.

James was known for his meticulous attention to detail in his writing, often spending hours perfecting a single sentence to capture the nuances of his characters and settings.

He had a great love for travel and spent much of his life living in Europe, which greatly influenced his writing and perspective on culture and society.

Henry James was a close friend and correspondent of many prominent figures of his time, including fellow writers Edith Wharton and Robert Louis Stevenson.

Henry James Biography

You wanted to know

What are some of the major themes in Henry James' works?

How did Henry James' writing style evolve over his career?

Which novels are considered to be some of Henry James' masterpieces?

How did Henry James' expatriate experience influence his writing?

What impact did Henry James have on the development of the psychological novel?