Famous Indian Poets

Rabindranath Tagore was a multifaceted Indian poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter who significantly influenced Bengali literature and music with Contextual Modernism. He was the first non-European Nobel Prize in Literature laureate and a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Tagore was known as the "Bard of Bengal" and was revered for his spiritually rich poetic songs and elegant prose. He was an ardent critic of nationalism, advocating for independence from British rule and promoting humanism, universalism, and internationalism. Tagore's vast canon encompassed paintings, sketches, texts, and songs, and he founded Visva-Bharati University to further his vision of education and culture.

Sarojini Naidu was an Indian political activist and poet who played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement. She served as the first Governor of United Provinces post-independence and was the first Indian woman to lead the Indian National Congress. Educated in Madras, London, and Cambridge, Naidu worked as a suffragist in Britain before joining the Congress party's fight for independence. Known as the "Nightingale of India" for her poetic prowess, she wrote on themes ranging from patriotism to tragedy, leaving a lasting literary legacy.

Kazi Nazrul Islam was a prolific Bengali poet, writer, journalist, and musician known for his contributions to literature and music. He produced a vast body of poetry, music, novels, and stories with themes of equality, justice, anti-imperialism, and rebellion against oppression. His activism for political and social justice, along with his famous works like "Bidrohī" and "Bhangar Gan," earned him the title of "Bidrohī Kôbi" (Rebel Poet). He introduced ghazal songs in Bengali and incorporated Arabic and Persian words into his works, leaving a lasting impact on Bengali culture.

Vikram Seth is an accomplished Indian novelist and poet, recognized for his significant contributions to literature. He has authored numerous novels and poetry collections that have garnered critical acclaim and awards. His works, including Mappings and Beastly Tales, are highly regarded in the Indian English language poetry canon. Seth's accolades include prestigious honors like the Padma Shri, Sahitya Akademi Award, and WH Smith Literary Award. His professional career is marked by a commitment to producing impactful and memorable literary creations that resonate with audiences worldwide.

Mirza Ghalib, also known as Mirza Beg Asadullah Khan, was a renowned Indian poet during the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British rule in India. He held the honorific titles Dabir-ul-Mulk and Najm-ud-Daula. Ghalib wrote prolifically in both Urdu and Persian, with his Urdu poetry gaining him widespread fame. His work vividly captures the tumultuous historical events of his time, particularly the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, his poetry continues to resonate with audiences across the Indian subcontinent and the global Hindustani diaspora.

Amrita Pritam was a prominent Indian novelist, essayist, and poet who wrote in Punjabi and Hindi. She was known for her extensive body of work, including over 100 books of poetry, fiction, biographies, essays, and an autobiography. Pritam's poignant poem "Ajj aakhaan Waris Shah nu" and her novel "Pinjar" showcased her talent in depicting themes like violence against women and the impact of partition. She received prestigious awards such as the Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanpith Award, Padma Shri, and Padma Vibhushan for her significant contributions to literature.

Mirabai, also known as Meera, was a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna. She is celebrated as a Bhakti saint in the North Indian Hindu tradition. Mirabai's professional life was marked by her fearless disregard for social and family conventions, her deep devotion to Krishna, and her persecution by her in-laws for her religious beliefs. She composed numerous devotional hymns in praise of Krishna, which have become famous across India. Mirabai's life and legends continue to inspire various forms of artistic expression in modern times.

Kuvempu was a prominent Indian poet, playwright, novelist, and critic known for his significant contributions to Kannada literature. He studied at Mysuru University, later becoming a distinguished professor and eventually serving as the university's vice-chancellor. Kuvempu was instrumental in promoting education in Kannada, advocating for its use as a language medium. Recognized for his literary prowess, he was honored with prestigious awards such as the Jnanpith Award and Padma Vibhushan. His legacy includes penning the Karnataka State Anthem, solidifying his status as a national poet and a gem of Karnataka.

Harivansh Rai Bachchan was a prominent Indian poet and writer associated with the Nayi Kavita literary movement in early 20th-century Hindi literature. He was a key figure in the Hindi Kavi Sammelan and is widely recognized for his notable work "Madhushala." Throughout his professional life, Bachchan made significant contributions to Hindi literature, earning accolades such as the Padma Bhushan in 1976 for his exemplary service to the field. His impact and influence continue to resonate within the literary landscape of India.

Kumar Vishwas is an Indian Hindi poet, politician, and lecturer known for his contributions to literature and politics. As a founding member of the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and former member of its National Executive, he has played a significant role in shaping the party's ideology and policies. Vishwas is renowned for his powerful poetry and has established himself as a prominent figure in the literary world. His professional journey reflects a blend of creativity, activism, and public service.

Amīr Khusrau, also known as Abu'l Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau, was an influential figure during the Delhi Sultanate period. He was a renowned Indo-Persian Sufi singer, musician, poet, and scholar. Khusrau was a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya and is considered the "father of Urdu literature." He played a significant role in introducing the ghazal style of song to India and was instrumental in the development of qawwali. Khusrau's expertise in various styles of Persian poetry and his contributions to the ghazal genre remain highly regarded in Indian and Pakistani cultural history.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a prominent Indian novelist, poet, essayist, and journalist. He is renowned for his significant contributions to Bengali and Indian literature, particularly through his novel Anandamath. Chattopadhyay's composition of Vande Mataram, a patriotic song, played a vital role in inspiring activists during the Indian Independence Movement. He authored fourteen novels, as well as various serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific, and critical works in Bengali. Chattopadhyay is honored with the title of Sahitya Samrat (Emperor of Literature) in Bengali.

Ramdhari Singh, known as Dinkar, was a prominent Indian Hindi poet, essayist, freedom fighter, and academic. His nationalist poetry during the pre-independence era earned him recognition as a poet of rebellion. He was honored with the Padma Bhushan Award in 1959 and served as a member of the Rajya Sabha thrice. Dinkar's political ideology was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and Karl Marx. He was a supporter of the revolutionary movement initially but later adopted Gandhian principles. Dinkar's impactful poetry, characterized by Veer Rasa, resonated deeply with Hindi speakers and played a significant role in inspiring patriotism among the masses.

Mahasweta Devi was a renowned Indian writer and activist known for her works in Bengali literature. She focused on highlighting the struggles and rights of tribal communities in various states of India. Devi's literary masterpieces, including Hajar Churashir Maa, Rudali, and Aranyer Adhikar, shed light on social injustices and marginalized voices. She was a committed leftist who dedicated her life to advocating for the empowerment of tribal people. Throughout her career, she received prestigious awards such as the Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanpith Award, Ramon Magsaysay Award, Padma Shri, and Padma Vibhushan.

Thiruvalluvar, also known as Valluvar, was an influential Indian poet and philosopher renowned for his work, the Tirukkuṟaḷ. The collection of couplets covered a wide array of topics including ethics, politics, economics, and love, making it a cherished piece of Tamil literature. Although little is known about his personal life, Valluvar's impact on scholars across various fields has been profound. His timeless wisdom and profound insights have solidified his legacy as a great sage and his literary works continue to be celebrated as a classic of Tamil culture.

As one of the nine important ministers in Mughal emperor Akbar's court, Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan held a prominent position as a poet and scholar. He was known for his mastery of Hindustani dohe (couplets) and his contributions to astrology. Rahim's professional life was characterized by his close association with Akbar, who served as his mentor and greatly influenced his work. His expertise and influence as a poet and astrologer made him a key figure in the cultural and intellectual circles of his time.

Sri Aurobindo was an Indian philosopher, yogi, poet, and nationalist who played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. He was a journalist, editor, and influential leader in the fight against British colonial rule. Aurobindo studied in England and later worked in civil service in India before becoming actively involved in nationalist politics. After facing charges related to his involvement in the independence movement, he shifted his focus to spiritual work and developed Integral Yoga. He founded the Sri Aurobindo Ashram with his spiritual collaborator, Mirra Alfassa.

Kabir was a renowned Indian mystic poet and sant who challenged organized religions for their perceived meaningless and unethical practices. He emphasized the importance of righteousness, divine connection with all beings, and detachment from worldly affairs. Despite facing threats from both Hindus and Muslims, Kabir's teachings on truth and egolessness resonated across Hinduism, Sikhism, and Islam. His legacy lives on through the Kabir panth and the Sant Mat sect, with followers known as Kabir panthis, who continue to uphold his teachings.

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was an Indian poet and educator who served as the assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata. He was a pioneering figure in advocating for the dissemination of Western education and science among the youth of Bengal during his time. Derozio was known for his radical thinking and played a crucial role in shaping the minds of his students, who later became prominent figures in social reform, law, and journalism. His legacy as a progressive educator and influencer continued long after his untimely death.

Purushottam Laxman Deshpande, known as Pu La Deshpande, was a versatile Marathi writer and humorist from Maharashtra. He excelled in various fields such as film and stage acting, scriptwriting, authoring, composing music, singing, and public speaking. Deshpande's talent and wit made him a beloved figure in Maharashtra, earning him the title of "Maharashtra's beloved personality." His works have been widely appreciated and translated into multiple languages, showcasing his enduring impact as a cultural icon and a master storyteller.

Jaishankar Prasad was a significant figure in modern Hindi literature and theatre. Using the pen name Prasad, he was recognized as a prominent Chhayavadi kavi. His professional life was marked by prolific contributions to Hindi literature, showcasing his talent and influence in the literary world. Through his works, Prasad left a lasting impact on Hindi literature and theatre, solidifying his legacy as a respected and celebrated figure in the realm of Indian literature.

Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar, known as Kusumāgraj, was a prominent Marathi poet, playwright, novelist, and short story writer. His work focused on themes of freedom, justice, and emancipation of the deprived. Over a career spanning five decades, he authored an impressive body of work including 16 volumes of poems, three novels, eight volumes of short stories, seven volumes of essays, 18 plays, and six one-act plays. His writing, such as the acclaimed Vishakha collection, played a significant role in inspiring the Indian freedom movement. Kusumagraj received prestigious awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award, Padma Bhushan, and the Jnanapith Award for his contributions to Indian literature. He also held leadership positions in literary organizations, such as serving as President of the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan.

Rahat Indori was a versatile professional known for his contributions as an Indian Bollywood lyricist, Urdu poet, professor of Urdu language, and painter. He made a significant impact in the world of Urdu literature, teaching at DAVV as a pedagogist before gaining recognition for his lyrical work in the Bollywood industry. Known for his poetic prowess and artistic abilities, Rahat Indori's career spanned various creative fields, leaving a lasting legacy in the realms of poetry, literature, and art.

Valmiki, a legendary poet celebrated as the traditional author of the epic Ramayana, is revered as the Ādi Kavi, the first poet. He composed the Ramayana, consisting of 24,000 shlokas and seven cantos, telling the story of Prince Rama and his wife Sita. Scholars estimate the text's earliest stage from the 8th to 4th centuries BCE. Valmiki was recognized as a literary genius during an "Indian Enlightenment" period, known for his philosophical skepticism. British satirist Aubrey Menen praises Valmiki as the first author to include himself in his own composition.

Nabaneeta Dev Sen was an accomplished Indian writer and academic with a prolific career spanning various genres and forms of literature. After receiving her education in arts and comparative literature, she furthered her studies in the US before returning to India to teach at several universities and literary institutes. Throughout her career, she authored over 80 books in Bengali, including poetry, novels, short stories, plays, literary criticism, personal essays, travelogues, humor writing, translations, and children's literature. Her contributions were recognized with prestigious awards such as the Padma Shri in 2000 and the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1999.

Khawaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya, also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar and Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. He emphasized love as a path to realizing God, promoting a vision of religious pluralism and kindness. His teachings influenced the outlook of Muslims in Delhi, shifting them towards mysticism and prayer. He interacted with Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughluq dynasty, but their relationship soured due to differing opinions. Despite this, Nizamuddin Auliya's impact on spiritual and social matters in the region was profound.

Dattātreya Rāmachandra Bēndre, known as Da Rā Bēndre, was a prominent Kannada lyric poet of the 20th century. He was a key figure in the Navōdaya movement and linguistic renaissance of Kannada in North Karnataka. Bendre's innovative use of Dharwad Kannada revolutionized modern Kannada poetry. His poetic journey of nearly 70 years showcased his exceptional command over the language. His multidisciplinary interests were reflected in his vast library covering diverse subjects. Bendre's literary contributions earned him prestigious awards and titles, solidifying his legacy as a literary luminary.

Majrooh Sultanpuri was a renowned Indian Urdu poet and lyricist in the Hindi film industry, known for his contributions to numerous film soundtracks. He played a significant role in Indian cinema during the 1950s and 1960s and was associated with the Progressive Writers' Movement. With a career spanning six decades, he collaborated with various music directors and received accolades such as the Filmfare Best Lyricist Award and the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award. His notable works include collaborations with Anand-Milind and Jatin-Lalit in films like Dosti, Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, and Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander.

Shiv Kumar Batalvi was a renowned Punjabi poet, writer, and playwright known for his romantic poetry characterized by intense passion and emotional depth. He earned acclaim for his epic verse play "Loona," winning the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967, and is hailed as the 'Keats of Punjab'. Batalvi's work, including the creation of a new genre in modern Punjabi literature, has solidified his place alongside other prominent Punjabi poets. His contributions have transcended borders, resonating with audiences on both sides of the Indo-Pakistan border.

Mir Taqi Mir was a renowned Urdu poet in 18th-century Mughal India, credited with shaping the Urdu language. He was a key figure in the Delhi School of Urdu ghazal poetry, considered one of the finest poets in Urdu literature. Known by his pen name Mir, he spent his later years in the court of Asaf-ud-Daulah in Lucknow. His poetry is characterized by profound grief, particularly mourning the decline of Delhi. Mir's work continues to be celebrated for its emotional depth and lyrical beauty.

Tulsidas was a renowned Vaishnava Hindu saint and poet known for his devotion to deity Rama. He wrote popular works in Sanskrit, Awadhi, and Braj Bhasha, including the Hanuman Chalisa and the epic Ramcharitmanas. Most of his life was spent in Banaras and Ayodhya, where he founded the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple and initiated the tradition of Ramlila plays. Tulsidas is celebrated as one of the greatest poets in Hindi, Indian, and world literature, with a lasting influence on art, culture, and society in India.

Kavi Pradeep was an Indian poet and songwriter known for his patriotic songs, with his most famous being "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo." His career spanned five decades during which he wrote approximately 1,700 songs and nationalistic poems for around 72 films. He gained recognition for his patriotic lyrics in the film Bandhan (1940) and his daringly patriotic song "Door Hato Ae Duniya Walo" in the hit film Kismet (1943). Kavi Pradeep was honored as the Rashtrakavi (National Poet) and received the Dada Saheb Phalke Award in 1997 for lifetime achievement in cinema.

Aśvaghoṣa was a versatile Buddhist philosopher, dramatist, poet, musician, and orator from India, known for his contributions to literature and philosophy. He is considered the first Sanskrit dramatist and one of the greatest Indian poets before Kālidāsa. Aśvaghoṣa is believed to have been a spiritual adviser to Kanishka and a prominent figure among Buddhist court writers. He wrote in Classical Sanskrit, distinguishing himself from earlier Buddhist literature composed in Pāli and Prakrit. Associated with the Sarvāstivāda or Mahasanghika schools, his works were highly regarded and influential during his time.

Kannadasan was a multifaceted Indian professional known for his contributions in various fields. He was a renowned philosopher, poet, film song lyricist, producer, actor, script-writer, editor, and philanthropist. With an impressive body of work that included over 5000 lyrics, 6000 poems, and 232 books, he earned the title of Kaviarasu (King of Poets). His literary works spanned diverse genres such as novels, epics, plays, and essays. Kannadasan received prestigious awards like the Sahitya Akademi Award and the National Film Award for Best Lyrics, solidifying his status as a luminary in Indian literature and cinema.

Chandrashekhara Basavanneppa Kambara is a distinguished Indian poet, playwright, folklorist, and film director in the Kannada language. He is renowned for his impactful adaptation of the North Karnataka dialect in his plays and poems, blending folk and contemporary themes. Kambara's works reflect a unique fusion of traditional folklore and modern issues, making him a pioneer in Kannada and Indian theatre. He has received numerous accolades, including the Padma Bhushan, Jnanpith Award, Sahitya Akademi Award, Padma Shri, Kabir Samman, Kalidas Samman, and Pampa Award. His contributions extend beyond literature into academia and legislative affairs.

Kālidāsa, known as the "Servant of Kali," was a prominent Classical Sanskrit author in ancient India. He is celebrated as the greatest poet and playwright of his time, with his works drawing inspiration from Hindu Puranas and philosophy. His professional life revolved around creating literary masterpieces, including three plays, two epic poems, and two shorter poems. While details about his life remain scarce, his works are believed to have been composed before the 5th century CE, most likely during the Gupta era.

Nissim Ezekiel was a prominent Indian poet, actor, playwright, editor, and art critic who played a foundational role in postcolonial India's literary history, particularly in Indian poetry in English. He was recognized for his collection "Latter-Day Psalms," which earned him the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award in 1983. Ezekiel was acclaimed for his subtle and well-crafted writing style, addressing common themes with cognitive depth and a realistic sensibility. His modernist innovations enriched Indian English literature by expanding themes to include familial events, individual struggles, and societal reflections.

Michael Madhusudan Dutt was a renowned Bengali poet and playwright, recognized as a pioneer in Bengali literature. He is well-known for his contributions to the literary world, creating a significant impact with his innovative works. Dutt's professional life was marked by his dedication to pushing the boundaries of traditional Bengali literature, introducing new styles and themes. His plays and poetry reflected his talent and passion for storytelling, earning him a lasting legacy as a key figure in the development of Bengali literature.

Vallathol Narayana Menon was a prominent Malayalam poet, known for being part of the modern Malayalam poetry triumvirate. He earned the honorific title Mahakavi for his work. Menon was a nationalist poet, focusing on various aspects of the Indian freedom movement. He played a significant role in revitalizing the traditional Keralite dance form of Kathakali and founded the prestigious Kerala Kalamandalam. Menon's professional life was marked by his contributions to literature, poetry, nationalism, and cultural preservation, leaving a lasting impact on the arts scene in Kerala.

Nagarjun, also known as Vaidyanath Mishra, was a versatile and prolific writer in Hindi and Maithili languages. He was not only a renowned poet but also excelled in writing novels, short stories, literary biographies, and travelogues. His work earned him the title of Janakavi, meaning the People's Poet, reflecting his popularity and influence. Nagarjun is celebrated as a key figure in bringing modernity to Maithili literature, showcasing his significant contributions to the literary world through his diverse and impactful writings.

Jayadeva was a revered Sanskrit poet during the 12th century, known for his epic poem Gita Govinda, which focuses on Krishna's love for Radha. His work is considered a significant text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. Jayadeva was a solitary poet and Hindu mendicant renowned for his poetic brilliance in eastern India. He is recognized as the earliest dated author of hymns included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the primary scripture of Sikhism, a religion that emerged in the Indian subcontinent after his time.

Narsinh Mehta, also known as Narsinh Bhagat, was a revered 15th-century poet-saint from Gujarat, India. He is celebrated as the first poet of the Gujarati language. Narsinh, a member of the Nagar Brahman community, devoted his life to composing bhakti poetry dedicated to Lord Krishna. His bhajans have endured for over 5 centuries in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Notably, his composition Vaishnav Jan To gained popularity among freedom fighters in India, including Mahatma Gandhi. Narsinh Mehta's professional life was defined by his impactful poetic contributions rooted in devotion to Krishna.

Sumitranandan Pant was an acclaimed Indian poet renowned for his contributions to Hindi literature in the 20th century. He was highly regarded for his romantic and nature-inspired poetry. Pant's works were characterized by their deep connection to nature, people, and the inherent beauty in the world around him. His poetic creations reflected a profound sense of emotion and spirituality, making him a prominent figure in the realm of Hindi poetry. Pant's legacy continues to inspire aspiring poets and literature enthusiasts alike.

Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon was a prominent Indian poet in the Malayalam literary sphere, known for his notable works such as Kudiyozhikkal, Kannikkoythu, and Mambazham. He held the esteemed position of founder president of the Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham, an organization dedicated to promoting art and literature in Kerala. Menon was honored with prestigious awards including the Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry, Vayalar Award, and Odakkuzhal Award, recognizing his significant contributions to the world of poetry and literature.

Kambar was an esteemed Indian Tamil poet known for his significant contributions to Tamil literature. He is most renowned for his masterpiece, Ramavataram or Kambaramayanam, a Tamil version of the epic Ramayana. In addition to this monumental work, Kambar also wrote several other literary pieces in Tamil, showcasing his diverse talents and deep understanding of the language. His professional life was characterized by a profound dedication to enriching the literary heritage of Tamil culture through his poetic creations.

Balamani Amma was an acclaimed Indian poet who primarily wrote in Malayalam. Her renowned works such as Amma, Muthassi, and Mazhuvinte Katha have solidified her position as a prominent literary figure. Throughout her career, she was honored with prestigious awards such as the Padma Bhushan, Saraswati Samman, Sahitya Akademi Award, and Ezhuthachan Award. Balamani Amma's contributions to Malayalam literature have left a lasting impact, showcasing her talent and dedication to the art of poetry.

Sukumar Ray, a Bengali writer and poet from British India, is renowned for his contributions to children's literature. He established himself as a prominent figure in the field, leaving a lasting impact through his creative and imaginative works. Ray's writing style captivated young audiences and continues to be celebrated for its humor, wit, and engaging storytelling. His dedication to crafting stories and poems that resonated with children solidified his legacy as a pioneer in Bengali literature, inspiring future generations of writers and artists.

Pampa, also known as Ādikavi, was a prominent Kannada-language poet during the 10th century. He served as a court poet for Vemulavada Chalukya king Arikesari II, under the patronage of Rashtrakuta Emperor Krishna III. Pampa's works, such as Vikramārjuna Vijaya and Ādi purāṇa, showcased his Jain philosophical beliefs and were written in the champu style around 939. Alongside other notable writers like Sri Ponna and Ranna, Pampa was part of the "Three gems of Kannada literature," contributing to the flourishing of medieval Kannada literature in the 10th century.

Bharatendu Harishchandra was a renowned Indian poet, writer, and playwright known for his influential contributions to Hindi literature and theatre. Writing under the pen name "Rasa," he addressed pressing social issues such as poverty, exploitation, and the need for progress in his works. He utilized various forms of media to shape public opinion and challenge prevailing orthodoxies of his time. Harishchandra's fearless journalism and devotion to Vaishnava traditions made him a prominent figure in the literary and cultural landscape of India.

Jibanananda Das was a renowned Indian poet, writer, novelist, and essayist in the Bengali language. Despite facing financial hardships and struggling to secure a permanent teaching position, he made significant contributions to Bengali literature. Das, known as the "Poet of Beautiful Bengal," was not widely recognized during his lifetime but is now considered one of the greatest poets in the Bengali language. He published seven volumes of poetry and also wrote numerous novels and short stories. His works, such as Ruposhi Bangla and Banalata Sen, continue to influence Bengali poetry to this day.

Bharathidasan was a renowned 20th-century Tamil poet and rationalist writer known for his literary works focusing on socio-political issues. He drew inspiration from the Tamil poet Subramania Bharathi and was a strong follower of Periyar and his self-respect movement. Bharathidasan's writings played a significant role in fostering the growth of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu. Apart from poetry, he also showcased his perspectives through plays, film scripts, short stories, and essays. His contribution led to the adoption of his song "Invocation to Mother Tamil" as the state song of Puducherry.

Srirangam Srinivasa Rao, popularly known as Sri Sri, was an acclaimed Indian poet and lyricist celebrated for his contributions to Telugu literature and films. His notable works include the anthology "Maha Prasthanam." Sri Sri received prestigious accolades such as a National Film Award, a Nandi Award, and a Sahitya Akademi Award. He held significant roles in organizations like Pen India, Sahitya Academy, South Indian Film Writers Association, and Revolutionary Writers Association of Andhra, showcasing his influential presence in the literary and film industries.

Kanukuntla Subhash Chandrabose is a renowned Indian lyricist and singer primarily known for his work in Telugu cinema. With a prolific career spanning over 25 years, Chandrabose has contributed lyrics to an impressive 3600 songs featured in more than 850 films. He made his debut as a lyricist with the film "Taj Mahal" in 1995 and has since garnered numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his work on the song "Naatu Naatu" from the film "RRR" released in 2022. Chandrabose has also been recognized with prestigious awards such as a National Award, two Nandi Awards, two Filmfare Awards, and three SIIMA Awards for his exceptional talent and contributions to the industry.

K. Shivaram Karanth was an Indian polymath and prominent figure in Kannada literature. He was a renowned novelist and playwright, known for his contributions to ecological conservation. His work was highly acclaimed, and he was honored with the prestigious Jnanpith Award for Kannada, the highest literary recognition in India. Karanth's influence extended beyond literature, as he was also recognized as an activist advocating for various social and environmental causes. His legacy continues through his impactful writing and his son, Ullas, who follows in his footsteps as an ecological conservationist.

Habib Tanvir was a renowned Indian Urdu and Hindi playwright, theatre director, poet, and actor. He was a pioneer in Urdu and Hindi theatre, known for his work with Chhattisgarhi tribals at Naya Theatre. Tanvir integrated indigenous performance forms like nacha to create a new theatrical language. He believed in bringing true "theatre of the people" from villages to urban audiences. Tanvir managed plays with large casts and won numerous national and international awards for his contributions to theatre, including prestigious honors like the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan.

Bhāsa is considered one of the earliest Indian playwrights in Sanskrit, predating Kālidasa. His exact timeline is debated, with estimates ranging from the 4th century BCE to the 4th century CE. Despite the uncertainty, Bhāsa is credited with thirteen plays that were lost for centuries until rediscovered in 1913. Prior to this rediscovery, Bhāsa was only known through mentions in other works. His work was highly regarded by Kālidasa, who acknowledged Bhāsa's influence and questioned the respect for modern poets in comparison.

Vidyapati, known as Maithil Kavi Kokil, was a versatile polymath in Maithili and Sanskrit literature. He excelled as a poet, saint, playwright, composer, biographer, philosopher, law theorist, writer, courtier, and royal priest. A devout devotee of Shiva, he also composed love songs and devotional Vaishnava songs. His expertise spanned across various languages including Sanskrit, Prakrit, Apabhramsha, and Maithili. Vidyapati's influence transcended Maithili and Sanskrit literature, impacting other Eastern Indian literary traditions. He played a crucial role in shaping early versions of Eastern languages, earning comparisons to Dante in Italy and Chaucer in England.

Vairamuthu Ramasamy is an Indian lyricist, poet, and novelist known for his significant contributions to the Tamil film industry and literary world. With a master's degree from Pachaiyappa's College, he started as a translator and published poet before venturing into films in 1980 with "Nizhalgal." Over his 40-year career, he has penned over 7,500 songs and poems, winning seven National Awards, making him the most awarded Indian lyricist. Vairamuthu has also received prestigious honors like the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Sahitya Akademi Award for his literary works.

Ravidas, also known as Raidas, was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th century CE. He was venerated as a guru in various regions of India. Ravidas was a poet, social reformer, and spiritual figure who advocated for the removal of social divisions based on caste and gender. His devotional verses were included in the Sikh scriptures and the Dadu Panthi tradition within Hinduism. Ravidas is also the central figure within the Ravidassia religious movement.

Bammera Pothana was a renowned Telugu poet and scholar, recognized for his expertise in both Telugu and Sanskrit languages. He is best known for his remarkable translation of the Srimad Bhaagavatam from Sanskrit to Telugu. Pothana's significant literary contribution, the Srimad Bhagavatamu, is widely celebrated and affectionately referred to as Pothana Bhagavatam in Telugu literature. Through his profound knowledge and mastery of languages, Pothana left a lasting impact on the literary landscape, cementing his legacy as a revered figure in Telugu literature.

Bāṇabhaṭṭa was a prominent 7th-century Sanskrit prose writer and poet in India, serving as the Asthana Kavi in Emperor Harsha's court. His notable works include the biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita, and the novel Kadambari, one of the earliest novels in the world. Bāṇa's literary contributions extend to works like the Caṇḍikāśataka and the drama Pārvatīpariṇaya. His impact on Sanskrit literature is widely recognized, with his writing being praised for its comprehensive depiction of the world.

G. Sankara Kurup, also known as Mahakavi G, was an eminent Indian poet, essayist, and literary critic in Malayalam literature. Renowned for his contributions to Malayalam poetry, he was the first recipient of the prestigious Jnanpith Award. He served as a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha and received accolades such as the Padma Bhushan, Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award, and Soviet Land Nehru Award. His professional life was marked by a deep commitment to literature, poetry, and critical analysis, earning him widespread acclaim and recognition.

Kamala Surayya, also known as Kamala Das, was a prominent Indian poet and author known for her works in both English and Malayalam. Her literary career was distinguished by her candid and evocative poetry, short stories, and autobiography. She gained fame for her fearless exploration of women's issues and female sexuality, challenging societal norms. Kamala was a versatile writer, delving into diverse topics such as politics, child care, and feminism. Her impact as an iconoclast in popular culture continues to resonate, leaving behind a legacy of powerful and thought-provoking literature.

O. N. V. Kurup was a renowned Malayalam poet and lyricist from Kerala, India. He achieved significant recognition for his literary contributions, including winning the prestigious Jnanpith Award in 2007. Known for his leftist ideology, Kurup was also a prominent figure in the All India Students Federation (AISF). Over the course of his career, he received accolades such as the Padma Shri in 1998 and Padma Vibhushan in 2011, honoring his outstanding achievements in the field of literature. Kurup was also conferred with an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Kerala in 2007.

Surdas was a revered 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer renowned for his compositions praising Lord Krishna. He predominantly wrote in the Braj language, with some works in other medieval Hindi dialects like Awadhi. Surdas is often linked with the Vallabha Sampradaya, considered an initiated disciple of Vallabha in the Puṣṭimārga tradition. His poems, part of the Aṣṭachāp poets, hold significance in Puṣṭimārga liturgical singing-worship. Despite traditional attributions, modern scholars question the historical accuracy of Surdas' connection with Vallabha and his sect.

Chand Bardai was an Indian poet known for composing the epic poem Prithviraj Raso in Brajbhasa, detailing the life of Chahamana king Prithviraj Chauhan. The poem depicted Chand Bardai as a court poet of Prithviraj and narrated events such as Prithviraj's defeat at the Second battle of Tarain and his journey to Ghazna. Bardai's involvement in assisting Prithviraj in avenging his defeat is a prominent aspect of his professional life. Despite the embellishments and additions by other authors, Chand Bardai's contribution to Prithviraj Raso remains significant in Indian literary history.

Vayalar Ramavarma was a highly respected Indian poet and lyricist in the Malayalam language. He gained recognition for his extensive body of work, including poems such as Sargasangeetham, Mulankaadu, Padamudrakal, Aayisha, and Oru Judas janikkunnu, as well as around 1,300 songs for 256 Malayalam films. His collaborations with G. Devarajan were instrumental in shaping the golden era of Malayalam film music, producing timeless classics. Ramavarma received prestigious awards such as the National Film Award for Best Lyrics and the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Poetry, solidifying his status as a celebrated figure in Malayalam cinema.

Manikkavacakar was a 9th-century Tamil saint and poet, speculated to have been a minister to the Pandya king Varagunavarman II. He lived in Madurai and is revered as one of the Nalvar, a group of four prominent Tamil saints. His contributions include the Thiruvasagam and Thirukkovaiyar, which form part of the key devotional text of Shaiva Siddhanta. Manikkavacakar's works are known for their poetic expression of the yearning for God and the ecstatic joy of experiencing God. He is celebrated for his intimate relationship with God, often portraying God as a "Divine Bridegroom."

Santha Shishunala Sharifa, also known as Shishunala Sharif, was a prominent Indian social reformer, philosopher, and poet. He dedicated his life to advocating for social justice, equality, and harmony among all communities. Sharifa's poetry and writings often reflected his deep spiritual beliefs and his desire to bring about positive change in society. Through his work, he inspired many people to introspect, question societal norms, and strive towards a more inclusive and compassionate world.

Mahadevi Verma was a prominent Indian Hindi-language poet, essayist, and sketch story writer known for her significant contributions to Hindi literature. She is considered a leading figure of the Chhayawadi era and has been hailed as the "Modern Meera." Verma's work showcased a deep commitment to social upliftment, particularly focusing on women's welfare and development. She was also a skilled painter and translator, receiving numerous prestigious awards for her literary achievements. Verma's legacy continues to inspire readers and critics alike, cementing her status as a revered figure in Indian literature.

Hemachandra, a 12th-century Indian Jain saint and scholar, was a polymath excelling in various fields such as mathematics, philosophy, literature, and linguistics. Known as "the knower of all knowledge in his times," he was a prolific writer, producing works on politics, history, and Jain principles. Serving as an adviser to King Kumarapala, Hemachandra made significant contributions to the fields of grammar, logic, and prosody. His influence extended to the development of the Gujarati language and the preservation of Jain traditions through his literary works.

Dharamvir Bharati was a respected figure in Hindi literature, known for his work as a poet, author, playwright, and social thinker. He served as the chief editor of the renowned Hindi weekly magazine Dharmayug for nearly three decades. Bharati received several prestigious awards for his literary contributions, including the Padma Shree and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award. His novel "Gunaho Ka Devta" and play "Suraj ka Satwan Ghoda" are considered classics, with the latter being adapted into a critically acclaimed film. Bharati's play "Andha Yug" remains a timeless piece frequently performed by drama groups.

Sant Dnyaneshwar, also known as Dnyaneshwar, was a 13th-century Indian Marathi saint, poet, philosopher, and yogi of the Nath and Varkari tradition. He authored significant literary works in Marathi, including Dnyaneshwari and Amrutanubhav, which are considered milestones in Marathi literature. His teachings were rooted in non-dualistic Advaita Vedanta philosophy, emphasizing Yoga and devotion (bhakti) towards Vithoba, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Jnanadeva's legacy inspired future saint-poets and played a crucial role in the Varkari Bhakti movement tradition of Hinduism in Maharashtra.

Bhartṛhari, an Indian philosopher and poet active in the 5th century CE, made significant contributions to linguistics, grammar, and philosophy. He is renowned for works such as the Vākyapadīya, Mahābhāṣyatikā, and Śatakatraya. His philosophy centered around the concept of "Shabda-Brahman," where he believed that ultimate reality is expressed through words. Bhartrhari's teachings emphasized the interconnectedness of language and cognition, suggesting that through grammar understanding, one could achieve spiritual liberation. His works have been widely studied in Indian philosophical traditions, as well as by Islamic and Western scholars.

Maithili Sharan Gupt was a prominent modern Hindi poet known for his contributions to Khari Boli poetry. He diverged from the prevalent use of Braj Bhasha dialect and became a pioneer in the field. His work, especially the book "Bharat-Bharati," played a significant role during India's freedom struggle and earned him the title of Rashtra Kavi from Mahatma Gandhi. Gupt received the Padma Bhushan, a prestigious Indian civilian honor, in recognition of his literary achievements.