William Adams Biography

(Navigator, Merchant-Adventurer and the First Englishman to Reach Japan)

Birthday: September 24, 1564 (Libra)

Born In: Gillingham, England

William Adams was an English navigator, the first Englishman who traveled to Japan and became a Western Samurai. He was a well-trained shipbuilder who also possessed the knowledge about trade and astronomy. Soon after completing his apprenticeship, he was appointed to work in Royal Navy and later went on several expeditions. But the most absorbing voyage which changed the course of his life arrived when he was appointed to serve as the pilot major in the Dutch expedition to Far East. The voyage consisted of five vessels but eventually each ship succumbed to its fate and could not reach the destination due to different reasons. Finally, his ship reached the coast of Japan where he was initially imprisoned by the authorities. But when the future shogun of Japan realized Adam’s true abilities, he instructed him to help in construction of big ships for Japan. Later, he was crowned as a Western Samurai and served as a key trade advisor to the shogun. In the following years, he played a vital role in the establishment of trading factories in Japan by the Dutch and British companies. He was also instrumental in chartering and captaining several ships to Southeast Asia. He was one of the most influential foreigners to reach Japan who played a significant role in developing the trade and economy of Japan.

10
Quick Facts

British Celebrities Born In September

Also Known As: Miura Anjin

Died At Age: 55

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Oyuki

siblings: Thomas

children: Joseph, Susanna

Born Country: England

Explorers British Men

Died on: May 16, 1620

place of death: Hirado, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

Ancestry: English Japanese

  • 1

    What is the significance of William Adams in Japanese history?

    William Adams, also known as Miura Anjin, was an English navigator who played a key role in establishing trade relations between England and Japan in the early 17th century. He is known for his expertise in shipbuilding and navigation, which greatly contributed to the development of Japan's maritime industry.
  • 2

    What is the legacy of William Adams in Japan?

    William Adams is remembered in Japan as one of the first Westerners to achieve high status in Japanese society. His knowledge and skills were highly valued by the Tokugawa shogunate, and he is considered a pioneer in promoting cultural exchange between Japan and the West.
  • 3

    How did William Adams navigate cultural differences in Japan?

    William Adams successfully navigated cultural differences in Japan by adapting to Japanese customs and learning the language. His ability to build relationships with the local people and gain their trust played a crucial role in his integration into Japanese society.
  • 4

    What impact did William Adams have on Japanese shipbuilding?

    William Adams introduced Western shipbuilding techniques to Japan, which significantly advanced the country's maritime capabilities. His expertise helped improve Japanese ship design and construction, leading to the development of a strong naval industry in Japan.
  • 5

    What role did William Adams play in the isolationist policy of Japan?

    William Adams served as a key advisor to the Tokugawa shogunate and played a role in shaping Japan's isolationist policies during the Edo period. His insights into foreign affairs and his diplomatic skills influenced Japan's decision to limit contact with the outside world.
Childhood & Early Life
He was born on September 24, 1564, in Gillingham, Kent, England. He lost his father when he was 12, and was apprenticed in shipbuilding under Master Nicholas Diggins. He also gained knowledge about astronomy and navigation over the next twelve years.
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Career
After completing his apprenticeship, he joined the Royal Navy where he assisted Sir Francis Drake. In 1588, he became the master of a supply ship, Richarde Dyffylde, for the British navy during the invasion of the Spanish Armada.
Later, he took part in an expedition to the Arctic as a pilot for the Barbary Company. The expedition was in search of a Northeast Passage along the coast of Siberia to the Far East and took about two years.
In 1598, he was appointed as pilot major with a fleet which was dispatched for a Dutch expedition to the Far East. The fleet consisted of five ships namely; the Hoop, the Liefde, the Geloof, the Trouw, and the Blijde Boodschap.
The ships started off their journey and took the route to the coast of Guinea, West Africa where they attacked the island of Annobón for supplies, and then moved on. But the bad weather disrupted their journey and only three ships--‘the Liefde’, ‘the Hoop’ and ‘the Trouw’—out of five, made it to the Straits of Magellan.
His ship, the Liefde, waited for the other ships until the spring of 1599 but out of the other two ships which had survived the disaster, only the Hoop joined them. Both the ships then sailed westwardly for Japan but in late February 1600, the Hoop was also claimed by a typhoon along with its entire crew.
In April 1600, his ship along with its sick and dying crew of about 20 people, anchored off the island of Kyushu in southern Japan. The ship was immediately seized and the sickly crew was imprisoned at Osaka Castle on orders by Tokugawa Ieyasu, the daimyo of Edo and future shogun.
While imprisoned, he met Tokugawa few times and faced interrogation about his skills and a variety of other topics. Tokugawa was impressed with his knowledge of ships, shipbuilding and mathematics.
In 1604, Tokugawa ordered him to help in construction of Japan's first Western-style ship. Adams supervised the production and the sailing ship was built at the harbour of Ito on the east coast of the Izu Peninsula. Following the construction, he became one of Tokugawa’s chief trade advisors and a diplomat of Japan.
He was crowned as a Western Samurai by the name of ‘Miura Anjin’. While serving as an advisor, he wrote letters on behalf of the shogun encouraging Dutch and English traders to come to Japan, and then officiated for the establishment of the Dutch East India Company in Japan.
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In lieu of working as an advisor to the shogun, he received all the comforts in Japan. He was given generous revenues, a high priced estate, and an army of slaves to work under his command in his estate for the rest of his life.
In 1613, he also helped in the establishment of a factory for the British East India Company in Japan. Although the trade did not prove to be much profitable in the Japanese market, he became an employee of the East India Company at a yearly salary of 100 English Pounds.
From 1614 to 1619, he also undertook several expeditions traveling as far as Southeast Asia. He went to Siam in 1614 and 1615, and Cochinchina in 1617 and 1618, sometimes for developing the trade while at other times, for personal reasons.
Personal Life & Legacy
He was married to an English woman and had children before leaving for the expedition to the Far East. But he was unable to reach his family as the Japanese ruler forbade him to leave the country. Somehow he managed to send regular support payments to her after 1613 via the English and Dutch companies.
Later, he married a Japanese woman named Oyuki, the daughter of Magome Kageyu, a highway official. The couple was blessed with a son, Joseph, and a daughter, Susanna.
He died on May 16, 1620, at Hirado, north of Nagasaki, and was buried there.
Facts About William Adams
William Adams, also known as Anjin-sama in Japan, was the first Englishman to reach Japan and one of the few Westerners to attain the rank of samurai.
Despite being a foreigner, Adams was respected and admired by the Japanese people for his knowledge of shipbuilding and navigation.
Adams played a key role in establishing trade relations between England and Japan in the early 17th century, paving the way for future diplomatic and economic exchanges.
He adapted well to Japanese culture, learning the language and customs, and even marrying a Japanese woman, which was uncommon for foreigners at the time.
Adams' legacy lives on in Japan, where he is remembered as a pioneering figure in the country's history of international relations.

See the events in life of William Adams in Chronological Order

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Article Title
- William Adams Biography
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