Dag Hammarskjöld was a Swedish diplomat and economist. In 1953, Hammarskjöld became the youngest person to be appointed as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. He died in airplane crash in 1961. Dag Hammarskjöld became the first person to be honored with a Nobel Peace Prize posthumously.
Son of a building contractor, Nobel Memorial Prize-winning Swedish economist and sociologist Gunnar Myrdal attained a Rockefeller fellowship to the U.S. and also taught as a professor. Through his book An American Dilemma, he explored the socio-economic issues of the African-American community and laid down concepts such as cumulative causation.

Fredrik Reinfeldt is a Swedish lecturer, economist, and former politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Sweden from 6 October 2006 to 3 October 2014. By virtue of his victories in 2006 and 2010, Fredrik Reinfeldt became the only person to lead the Moderate Party to two successive general election victories.

A prominent name in the field of economics, Knut Wicksell was a Swedish economist known for his pioneering work in monetary theory. His work has influenced numerous economists like James M. Buchanan and John Maynard Keynes and various economic schools of thought like Keynesian and Austrian school. During his career, he also worked as a professor at the Lund University.

Since 2012, Swedish businessman Carl-Henric Svanberg has led AB Volvo, the global trucks and construction equipment manufacturer, as its chairman. Previously he worked as the chairman of British oil and gas company BP plc and CEO of the Swedish telecommunication company Ericsson. Still earlier, as CEO, he led the Assa Abloy Group to become a global leader in its industry.
Bertil Gotthard Ohlin was a Swedish economist best known for developing what became known as the Heckscher–Ohlin model together with Eli Heckscher. He had a long career as a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics. Along with British economist James Meade, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1977.

Eli Filip Heckscher was a Swedish economic historian and economist best remembered for co-developing the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem alongside Bertil Ohlin. Referred to as the father of Swedish economic history, Heckscher also made an immense contribution to the establishment of political opinion in Sweden. In 1932, Eli Filip Heckscher was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Gustav Cassel was a Swedish economist who traveled around the world to lecture at universities. He also discussed economic theories with heads of government, financiers, and governors. In the late-1910s, Cassel was commissioned by the League of Nations to write statements on the monetary problems of the world. Gustav Cassel is also credited with teaching future economists like Bertil Ohlin.

Swedish economist Erik Robert Lindahl, of the Stockholm school of economics, is known for the development of sequence analysis in economics and the benefit principle in taxation. During his career, he worked at the Universities of Lund, Gothenburg and Uppsala; became the International Economic Association President and also served as an advisor to the Swedish government and the central bank.