Famous Ethiopian Leaders

Abiy Ahmed Ali is an Ethiopian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018. He is the leader of the Prosperity Party and was previously the chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Abiy has been recognized for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, particularly for his role in resolving the border conflict with Eritrea, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019. However, his tenure has been marked by criticism for a shift towards authoritarianism, human rights violations, media censorship, civil conflicts, and political purges.

Sahle-Work Zewde is an Ethiopian politician and diplomat who made history as the first woman to serve as president of Ethiopia, starting in 2018. She was unanimously elected by members of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly. Sahle-Work has been recognized internationally for her influence and leadership, ranking as the 96th most powerful woman in the world on Forbes' list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. She is also noted as the highest-ranking African woman on the list, showcasing her significant impact on the global stage.

Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael Wolde Melekot, also known as Ras Makonnen, was an Ethiopian military leader and governor of Harar. He distinguished himself as a key figure in the First Italo-Ethiopian War, particularly at the Battle of Adwa. Regarded as a significant leader in Abyssinia, Ras Makonnen's professional life was marked by his strategic military prowess and his administrative role in governing Harar. His contributions in warfare and governance left a lasting impact on Ethiopian history.

Meles Zenawi Asres was an Ethiopian politician who served as president of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995 and as prime minister from 1995 until his death in 2012. He played a pivotal role in the Ethiopian Civil War, leading the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front to victory. Under his administration, Ethiopia saw significant economic growth and major reforms in areas such as land, education, and agriculture. Zenawi's policies, known as "Zenawism," focused on ethnic federalism and are the subject of academic study.

Zinash Tayachew is a prominent Ethiopian politician and philanthropist, known for her work as a gospel singer and devout Protestant Christian minister. She has a background in military service and has been actively involved in her church community. Zinash's professional life has been marked by her contributions to various charitable causes and her role as the First Lady of Ethiopia, where she has dedicated herself to advocating for social issues and supporting her husband, the Prime Minister.

Mengistu Haile Mariam was an Ethiopian politician and military officer who served as the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991. He was the chairman of the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist military junta, and later became the president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Mengistu implemented policies to modernize Ethiopia's economy, including nationalization and land redistribution. His regime was marked by internal conflict, government repression, and economic mismanagement, culminating in a devastating famine from 1983 to 1985. Mengistu fled to Zimbabwe in 1991 after being found guilty of genocide in absentia.

Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold was an Ethiopian politician who served as the foreign minister of Ethiopia from 1947 to 1958. He later became the Prime Minister of Ethiopia in 1961. Aklilu was known for his diplomatic skills and played a significant role in representing Ethiopia on the international stage. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by efforts to modernize the country and promote economic development. Unfortunately, his career was cut short when he was executed by the Derg regime in 1974.

Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe is an Ethiopian politician who served as prime minister of Ethiopia from 2012 to 2018. Prior to his role as prime minister, he held positions as deputy prime minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. Following Meles' passing, Hailemariam succeeded him as prime minister and was elected chair of the ruling party, the EPRDF. He also served as the chairperson of the African Union. Hailemariam resigned in 2018 amidst mass protests, making him the first modern Ethiopian leader to step down voluntarily.

Imru Haile Selassie was an Ethiopian noble, soldier, and diplomat who served as acting Prime Minister for three days in 1960 following a coup d'état and the assassination of Prime Minister Abebe Aregai. He played a significant role in Ethiopian politics and governance, utilizing his diplomatic skills and military background to navigate challenging circumstances. Imru's professional life was marked by his dedication to serving his country and supporting the leadership of Emperor Haile Selassie, his cousin.

Birtukan Mideksa is an Ethiopian politician and former judge who made significant contributions in her professional life. She served as the chairwoman of the National Election Board of Ethiopia from 2018 to 2023. Prior to her role at NEBE, she was the founder and leader of the opposition Unity for Democracy and Justice party. Birtukan's dedication to promoting democracy and justice in Ethiopia is evident through her leadership roles and commitment to public service.

Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is an Ethiopian public health official, researcher, and diplomat serving as the Director-General of the World Health Organization since 2017. He held key government positions as Minister of Health and Minister of Foreign Affairs in Ethiopia. Tedros played pivotal roles in combating global health crises such as the Ebola virus epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak. His influential leadership earned him recognition on Time's 100 Most Influential People list in 2020.

Ras Mengesha Yohannes was a prominent figure in Ethiopian history, serving as governor of Tigray and later emerging as a key player in the power struggles following the death of Emperor Yohannes IV. He initially sought the imperial throne but eventually submitted to Emperor Menelik II after failed rebellions. Mengesha played a crucial role in the Battle of Adwa, fighting alongside Menelik's forces against the Italians. Despite his rebellious tendencies, he ultimately faced consequences for challenging Menelik's authority and was put under house arrest.

Girma Wolde-Giorgis was an Ethiopian politician who served as the president of Ethiopia from 2001 to 2013. He was the second individual to hold the position following the establishment of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in 1995. During his tenure, he played a crucial role in representing the country both domestically and internationally, promoting diplomatic relations, and upholding the constitution. Girma Wolde-Giorgis was known for his dedication to public service and his commitment to advancing the interests of Ethiopia during his time in office.

Darge Sahle Selassie, also known by his horse name Abba Gersa, was a prominent figure in 19th-century Ethiopia. He served as a provincial governor, general, and trusted advisor to Emperor Menelik II. His professional life was marked by his dedication to governance, military leadership, and strategic counsel to the Emperor. As a nobleman, he played a key role in the administration and defense of the Ethiopian Empire, contributing significantly to the political and military affairs of the time.

Mikael Sehul was a nobleman who ruled Ethiopia as regent for 25 years, serving as Ras of Tigray and playing a major political role during the reign of Emperor Iyasu II and his successors. He intervened in the Ethiopian Church and championed the Karva Haymanot doctrine. Mikael faced challenges including a punitive campaign by Emperor Iyasu II, a rebellion against his superior Ras Anda Haymanot, and a power struggle between Empress Mentewab and Iyoas I's widow. His actions ultimately led to the murder of Emperor Iyoas I, marking the beginning of the "Zemene Mesafint" era.

Haile Selassie Gugsa was an Ethiopian army commander with a controversial professional life. He played a significant role in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War by betraying his country and collaborating with the fascists. Despite being a member of the Imperial family from Tigray, he chose to side with the enemy, leading to a tarnished reputation as a fascist collaborator. His actions during the war marked a dark chapter in his military career, overshadowing any previous accomplishments he may have had.

Mengesha Seyoum was a prominent figure in the Ethiopian Empire until the monarchy's abolition in 1974. He held various roles within the imperial family and was known for his contributions to Ethiopian society. Following the political changes brought about by the Derg regime, Mengesha Seyoum continued to be involved in public life, advocating for causes he believed in and working towards the betterment of his country. His professional life reflected a commitment to service and a dedication to Ethiopia's development.

Abu al-Misk Kafur started as a black slave and rose to become the vizier of Egypt, effectively ruling the region after the death of his master. He governed the Ikshidid domains of Egypt, southern Syria (including Damascus), and Hijaz until his passing. Throughout his professional life, he demonstrated exceptional leadership skills and political acumen, solidifying his position as a dominant personality in Ikhshidid Egypt and Syria. Abu al-Misk Kafur's influence and power were evident in his role as the de facto ruler of the region until his death in 968.

Belay Zeleke, also known by his horse name Abba Koster, was an Ethiopian military commander who played a significant role in leading the Arbegnoch resistance movement in Gojjam against the Fascist Italians during the Italian occupation of Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941. He emerged as a prominent brigand leader following his five-year struggle against Italian rule in Ethiopia, showcasing his strong leadership skills and dedication to fighting against the occupying forces.

Seyoum Mengesha KBE was a prominent army commander in the Ethiopian Empire. He held a high-ranking position within the military hierarchy and played a key role in military operations and strategic planning. Seyoum Mengesha was known for his leadership skills, tactical acumen, and dedication to serving his country. He was respected for his contributions to national security and defense, and his military career was marked by significant achievements and successes in various campaigns and battles.

Keria Ibrahim is an Ethiopian politician who served as the speaker of the House of Federation until 2020. She previously held positions as the head of civil service and chief administrator in the Tigray Region. A member of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) Central Committee, she also led the Women's Affair department in the region. Throughout her career, Keria has been actively involved in political leadership and governance roles within the Tigray region.

Aisha Mohammed Mussa is an Ethiopian engineer and politician who has held several ministerial positions in the Ethiopian government. She has served as Minister of Defense twice, Minister of Irrigation and Lowland Areas Development, Minister of Construction and Urban Development, and Minister of Tourism and Culture. A civil engineer by profession, she has a background in Civil Engineering and Transformational Leadership and Change. Aisha Mohammed made history as Ethiopia's first female defense minister and has been recognized for her contributions to gender equality in the cabinet.

Muferihat Kamil Ahmed is an Ethiopian politician with a diverse and impactful career. She has held key roles such as Minister of Labour and Skills Development, Speaker of the House of People's Representatives, and Minister of Peace. Muferihat has also served as the Chair of the SEPDM party and Minister of Women's Affairs. Her professional journey includes positions in public relations and advisory roles for governmental bodies, showcasing her dedication to public service and leadership in Ethiopia.

Gugsa Araya Selassie was an esteemed army commander in the Ethiopian Empire, known for his strategic prowess and leadership skills. He played a crucial role in various military campaigns and battles, demonstrating exceptional bravery and tactical acumen. As a member of the royal family, he held significant influence and responsibility within the empire, garnering respect from both his peers and subordinates. Throughout his professional life, Gugsa Araya Selassie's dedication to serving his country and protecting its interests was unwavering, leaving a lasting legacy in Ethiopian history.

Kitaw Ejigu was an Ethiopian American aerospace scientist and political leader. After completing his studies in the late 1970s, he joined NASA as a system engineer and space research scientist, where he invented two aerospace mechanisms patented by NASA. He collaborated with fellow scientists on creating space shuttles and rockets for planetary exploration. Notable achievements include developing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a dynamic flight simulator for Boeing. In addition to his aerospace work, Kitaw Ejigu founded a major opposition party in Ethiopia, advocating for political change and serving as a visionary leader.