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Lars Onsager was a Norwegian-born American theoretical physicist and physical chemist. He is best remembered for his research at the Brown University which produced the Onsager reciprocal relations. This set of equations which he first published in 1929 earned Lars Onsager the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt was a Norwegian mineralogist. He is credited with co-founding crystal chemistry and modern geochemistry along with Vladimir Vernadsky. He is also credited with developing the Goldschmidt Classification of elements. The Geochemical Society has established the V. M. Goldschmidt Medal in his honor, which is awarded annually.
Odd Hassel was a Norwegian physical chemist best remembered for his work that proved that the molecules were three dimensional in nature instead of two, which was the common belief at that time. His discovery earned him the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Odd Hassel was also honored with the Guldberg-Waage Medal by the Norwegian Chemical Society in 1964.
Cato Maximilian Guldberg was a Norwegian mathematician and chemist considered to be a pioneer in physical chemistry. He studied mathematics and physics at the University of Christiania. He furthered his studies in Germany and pursued a successful academic career. He originated the idea of what became known as the Guldberg rule in physical chemistry.
